HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING & SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Development
of Training Strategy 00TRAINAIR Methodology
Presented
by
Mr. B. N. Madhava Rao
Executive Director/ Principal
Civil Aviation Training College
Airports Authority of India
Ministry of Civil Aviation
Government of India
India
I
am privileged to speak on the occasion of Aero India 2007 on the subject
Human Resource Development, Training & Skill Development.
Human
Resource is the backbone of any organization. Properly trained
and highly skilled human resource is perceived as the greatest asset
of an organization. Skilled personnel contribute to efficiency,
growth, increased productivity and market reputation of an organization.
This has been realized by industrial, commericial,
researach establishments and even governments. Invariably,
a separate Human Resouces Development department exists in all these
organizations to attend to the matters relating to recruitment, training
and deployment.
Technological advancements in various fields world over are very rapid,
and the every other day we see new products or machines or equipments
with more and more advanced features, with which users have to be acquainted.
In order to cope with the industry demand and technological advancements,
we need to develop training strategy for our human capital to attain
the required skill levels.
Training is referred to as a method to give the new entrant or an existing
employee the skills, knowledge and attitude needed to perform
the job. Training should meet two basic objectives.
Training should be cost effective.
Training
must be based on scientific approach and quality training material to
meet objective number one. The training duration should be as short
as possible and resources used efficiently for meeting objective number
2.
In
this connection, I would like to describe about a training approach,
called ICAO TRAINAIR Methodology, which is accepted and followed by
many Civil Aviation Training establishments all over the world.
The TRAINAIR is a programme of the International Civil Aviation Organization
that was evolved to strengthen the basic civil aviation concept of safety
and and regularity of air transport operations, by means of a high standard
of training for aviation personnel through what are known as Standardized
Training Packages (STPs).
The
TRAINAIR course development methodology is a scientific approach of
developing training courses for a job-oriented objective. This
methodology has both the process standard and product standard.
Process standard means the standard in which the process is important
but no weightage is given to the end result. Product standard
means the standard in which end result is important but no weightage
is given to the process. TRAINAIR methodology has both process
and product standards.
This methodology seeks to impart skill, knowledge
and attitude required to perform the job and eliminate all things which
are extraneous and not required to perform that job. That means
the trainees are taught only the 00eed-to-Know Things00and not the
00ice-to-Know Things00 Because of this, training becomes focussed
and the training time and costs, and duration of absence of the workforce
from the operational units are minimized.
The TRAINAIR Standardized Training Package (STP) preparation methodology
is based on an engineering approach called the system approach. It consists
of following three activities.
All these
activities are divided into 9 Phases.
Phase
1, Preliminary analysis, is invoked when a decision is to be taken whether
or not training is needed to do a job on hand; then assistance of a
qualified Course Developers team is requested. The course
developers team visits the operational unit, analyzes the system
and interviews the personnel working. The result of analysis
is one of the following:
Develop a Standard Training Package (STP) as a training solution
If it is
found appropriate to proceed with a training solution by development
of an STP, the Phase 2 activities commence.
In
Phase 2, Job analysis, again the Course Developers team visits
operational unit, interviews the working experts. The job is divided
into duties, duties are divided into tasks, tasks are divided into sub-tasks,
and further the skill/ knowledge/ attitude required to carryout sub-tasks
are decided.
In
the Phase 3. Population Analysis, the data on target population00
(i.e., intended trainee group) acquired skill/ knowledge/ attitude,
qualifications, job experience, social background, learning preferences
are collected and analyzed.
In
Phase 4, Design of Curriculum, the difference in skill/knowledge/ attitude
required (decided in phase 2) and those acquired (decided in phase 3)
will become the Course Curriculum. The modules and sequence of
training program are decided in this phase.
In
Phase 5, Design of modules, all the course materials such as Trainee
Handouts, Instructor guide, Practical exercise sheets, Progress tests,
key to progress tests, Mastery tests, key to mastery tests will be developed.
In
Phase 6, Production and developmental testing, the prepared Mastery
tests, Progress tests and practical exercises are tried out as developmental
testing to check the accuracy and reliability of training materials.
Detailed lesson plans to guide the instructors, hand outs for the trainees,
audio-visual materials etc are all prepared ready for the initial Validation
delivery of the package.
In
Phase 7, Validation and Revision, for the first time, the prepared course
material will be tried on a group of trainees for whom the course is
designed. The group of Course Developers will monitor the delivery
of the course throughout, and observe the reactions of trainees and
instructors. . They also take a note of the result at the end
of the course. If 80% of the participants passes with 80% marks
or attain the standard, then the same course will be administered to
the remaining trainee population in subsequent sessions. Any deficiencies
noted will be corrected during this phase. At the end of
this phase, all the developed training materials will be sent to the
ICAO TRAINAIR Central Unit, Montreal for accord of approval as full-fledged
STP.
In
Phase 8, Implementation, full STP Course is available for future deliveries.
The same course is also available for global sharing among the members
of TRAINAIR programme.
In
Phase 9, Post-training evaluation, the effectiveness of the course which
is now implemented is evaluated by analyzing
Did the training program effectively meet the operational need which gave rise to it?.
This
is done by gathering information which is used to make improvement in
the training and determine the costs and benefits of the training development
project.
During
the entire process of course of development, Course Developers interact
with the Subject Matter Experts and skilled job performers as and when
required and get the required inputs.
CONCLUSION
TRAINAIR methodology guides the development of training materials in
a standardized and systematic manner making it practical for course
material to be shared between the TRAINAIR programme participating Institutes.
This facilitates international cooperation in training development,
ensures common standards and promotes mutual confidence in the quality
of the products. TRAINAIR training methodology has been
found to be greatly suiting the fast growing aviation field for sustaining
safe and regular air transport operatons.
Thank you very much for your attention.
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