Manual of Stylefor NFPA TechnicalCommittee DocumentsJuly 2004 EditionNational Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471MOS–1 Copyright© 2004 NFPA, All Rights ReservedManual of StyleforNFPA Technical Committee Documents2004 EditionThis edition of the Manual of Style was prepared by NFPA staff and approved by the Stan-dards Council on July 15, 2004. The 2004 edition of the Manual of Style supersedes all previous
editions.Origin and Development of the Manual of StyleThe first edition of the Manual of Style was issued in 1972 and was primarily based upon TheChicago Manual of Style. The second edition, published in 1986, was an update and expansion
of the 1972 edition, and again it was primarily based upon The Chicago Manual of Style.The January 2000 edition of the Manual of Style was extensively revised, based on the ANSI/SES Recommended Practice for Standards Designation and Organization. The April 2000 edition of
the Manual of Style incorporated changes to correct editorial errors and further clarify the
requirements for definitions and notes.The 2003 edition of the Manual of Style incorporated the following changes:
• Individual chapters are now permitted to contain administrative text in the first section(see Section 1.7).• All definitions must appear in Chapter 3, but they are also permitted to appear in theadministrative section of a chapter (see 1.6.3.2 and 1.6.3.5).• Normative annexes are permitted to be used in codes and standards (see 1.9.6).
• Codes and standards are permitted to develop multiple design levels (see 2.2.3.3).
• Scope, Application, and Purpose statements are permitted to use statements of fact ormandatory language (see 2.3.1.5).• Equations are numbered to correspond to the paragraph where they are referenced(see 3.3.4.2).The 2004 edition of the Manual of Style incorporates the following changes:
• Requirements have been added to address the use of terms and definitions from out-side (Non-NFPA) sources (see 2.3.2.12).• Requirements have been added to ensure that where exceptions are rewritten as re-quirements they are worded to carry equal weight with other acceptable arrangements
or requirements (see 2.2.1.2).• Chapter 4, Units of Measurement has been completely rewritten to address the use ofU.S. customary (inch pound) and metric (SI) units within NFPA documents. Chapter
4 now permits the TC/TCC to choose among the following three options when present-
ing units of measurement:
(1) SI units only
(2) SI units followed by U.S. customary units in parentheses
(3) U.S. customary units followed by SI units in parentheses
Additionally, the concepts of accuracy and precision have been introduced throughoutChapter 4 to provide guidance to the committees when converting between units to ensure
that each value is accurate and precise as presented.Many editorial changes have been incorporated in this edition to address style and for-matting issues that will improve the uniformity of the documents and product compatibil-
ity. Other editorial material has been added to clarify requirements and to improve
usability.
The following is a chronological summary of Manual of Style editions:
1st Edition — January 2000
2nd Edition — April 2000
3rd Edition — January 2003
4th Edition — July 2004MOS–2MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 EditionContentsChapter 1 Document Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Document Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Performance-Based Documents . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Document Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Front Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Administrative Chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Individual Chapter Administrative Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 Numbering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.9 Annexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.10 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.11 Codes and Standards Pages . . . . . . . . . . . 7Chapter 2 Technical Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Technical Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Rules for Mandatory Documents. . . . . . . 8
2.4 Rules for Nonmandatory Documents . . 10
2.5 Internationalization of Documents . . . 10
2.6 Extracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Chapter 3 Editorial Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Text Editorial Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Document Structure Editorial Rules . . . 13
3.4 Material from Other Organizations . . . . 13
3.5 Explanatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.7 Special Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.8 Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.9 Vertical Rules and Bullets . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Chapter 4 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 164.1 Measurement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Accuracy and Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.4 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.5 Reference Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex A Explanatory Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex B SI Units and Conversions . . . . . . . . . 26DOCUMENT STRUCTUREMOS–32004 EditionManual of StyleforNFPA Technical Committee Documents2004 EditionChapter 1Document Structure1.1 General.Chapter 1 of the Manual of Style shall addressthe structure of NFPA Technical Committee documents in an
outline arrangement and shall include the physical layout of
the documents, numbering system, and chapter sequences.1.2 Document Types.1.2.1 Codes and Standards.See also 2.3.1.1.2.1.1The main text of a code or standard shall consist of allmandatory requirements.1.2.1.2All nonmandatory or informational text shall appeareither in Annex A or as a separate annex in the case of special-
ized information.1.2.2 Recommended Practices.See also 2.4.1.1.2.2.1 The main text of recommended practices shall consist of
recommendations and directly supporting text.1.2.2.2 All other informational text shall appear either in Annex A
or as a separate annex in the case of specialized information.1.2.3 Guides.Guides shall be permitted to mix recommenda-tions and explanatory material in the body of the main text.1.3 Performance-Based Documents.Performance-based docu-ments that incorporate performance-based options in accor-
dance with approaches outlined in NFPA Primers for Performance-
Based Documents shall adhere to the requirements of the Manual
of Style where applicable while maintaining the integrity of the
performance-based approaches.1.4 Document Division.1.4.1 Chapters and Annexes.Documents shall consist of sev-eral distinct chapters and annexes, which shall be further sub-
divided as required.1.4.2 Arrangement.The document shall be arranged, inorder of descending importance, into chapters, sections, sub-
sections, paragraphs, and subparagraphs.1.4.3 Division Numbering.All divisions shall be numbered inArabic sequence (1, 2, 3. . .).1.5 Front Matter.1.5.1Document front matter shall only include objective,nontechnical information about the document and shall be
prepared by NFPA staff independent of the consensus devel-
opment process.1.5.2NFPA documents shall contain the front matter compo-nents in the following order: cover, title page, committee list(s),
table of contents, and introductory information.1.5.2.1 Cover.1.5.2.1.1The front cover shall carry the NFPA numeric desig-nation for the document; the title of the document — for
example, Standard for . . .; the edition date; the NFPA logo; the
words “NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA USA, 02169-
7471”; and the phrase “An International Codes and Standards
Organization.”1.5.2.1.2The inside of the front cover shall carry a generalstatement of where to obtain information on the document
and a statement of the copyright and republishing rights.1.5.2.2 Title Page.The title page shall carry the copyrightnotice and date, the full title of the document, the edition date,
the date of action by the Association, the date of issue by the
Standards Council, the effective date of the document, and an
indication that it supersedes all previous editions if applicable.1.5.2.2.1Documents that are approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) shall have a statement to
this effect with the date of approval.1.5.2.2.2The title page shall also contain an origin and devel-opment statement.1.5.2.2.2.1This statement shall be a comprehensive history ofthe document from its first edition, including the purposes,
major changes in the various editions through the years, and
any changes in the committee structure during these periods.1.5.2.2.2.2All NFPA Technical Committee documents shallhave an origin and development statement prepared by NFPA,
independent of the consensus development process.1.5.2.2.2.3*A final sentence or paragraph shall be added tothe origin and development statement outlining changes in
the latest edition.1.5.2.2.2.4The statement shall be modified as necessary insubsequent years to add new information.1.5.2.3 Committee List(s).The page following the title pageshall provide the committee list(s). The technical committee
name shall be listed at the top of the page.1.5.2.3.1The committee list shall include the names of all thepersons who were committee members at the time of the final
committee balloting of the specific edition of the document.1.5.2.3.1.1This list shall include only those persons who weremembers of the technical committee at the time of balloting.1.5.2.3.1.2It shall be the list published in the Report on Com-ments (ROC).1.5.2.3.1.3If there is no ROC, it shall be the list published inthe Report on Proposals (ROP).1.5.2.3.2The list shall be organized by committee officers(chair and secretary); principal members and alternate mem-
bers, with the principal listed with each alternate’s name; and
nonvoting members.1.5.2.3.2.1This list shall include all member’s companiesand, if applicable, the organizations they represent, both of
which shall be spelled out in full.1.5.2.3.2.2The states or countries where the members resideand the designations of their committee membership classifi-
cation as defined by NFPA shall be shown.MOS–4MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition1.5.2.3.3When more than one technical committee is respon-sible for the document, all committees concerned shall be
listed with an indication of the portion of the document for
which each technical committee is responsible.1.5.2.3.4Technical correlating committees shall be listedbefore the technical committee(s).1.5.2.3.5The NFPA staff liaison assigned to the technicalcommittee at the time of voting shall be included at the end of
the committee list.1.5.2.3.6Each committee list shall be followed by notes thatread as follows:This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was bal-
loted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the
membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the
back of the document.NOTE:Membership on a committee shall not in and of itselfconstitute an endorsement of the Association or any docu-
ment developed by the committee on which the member
serves.1.5.2.3.7*The technical committee scope shall be printed fol-lowing the notes shown in 1.5.2.3.6.1.5.2.4 Table of Contents.1.5.2.4.1The table of contents shall start on the page follow-ing the committee list page(s).1.5.2.4.2The table of contents shall itemize all chapter titlesand section headings appearing in the document and the
pages on which they start.1.5.2.4.3To facilitate the compilation of the table of contents,the committee shall title each main (two-digit) section. (See
also 1.8.2.2.)1.5.2.5 Introductory Information.1.5.2.5.1The first page of the document shall begin on thenext full page following the end of the table of contents.1.5.2.5.2The following information shall form the headingprior to Chapter 1, at the top of the first page, and shall appear
in the following order:(1) Document number
(2) Complete title
(3) Edition of document
(4) Important notice regarding legal disclaimers as follows:IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made
available for use subject to important notices and legal
disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all
publications containing this document and may be
found under the heading “Important Notices and Dis-
claimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also
be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at
www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.(5) Notice regarding asterisk as follows:NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter
designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material
on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.(6)* Notice regarding vertical rules and deletion bullets,
where applicable, as follows:Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical
rule beside the paragraph, table, or figure in which the
change occurred. These rules are included as an aid to
the user in identifying changes from the previous edi-
tion. Where one or more complete paragraphs have
been deleted, the deletion is indicated by a bullet(•)
between the paragraphs that remain.(7)* Notice regarding extracts, where applicable, as follows:(a) Use the following notice in a standard or code:A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or para-graph indicates material that has been extracted from
another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the com-
plete title and edition of the source documents for man-
datory extracts are given in Chapter 2 and those for
nonmandatory extracts are given in Annex ___. Editorial
changes to extracted material consist of revising refer-
ences to an appropriate division in this document or the
inclusion of the document number with the division num-
ber when the reference is to the original document.
Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text
shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for
the source document.(b) Use the following notice in a recommended practice:A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or para-graph indicates material that has been extracted from
another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the com-
plete title and edition of the source documents for
extracts in the recommendations sections of this docu-
ment are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in the
informational sections are given in Annex ___. Editorial
changes to extracted material consist of revising refer-
ences to an appropriate division in this document or the
inclusion of the document number with the division num-
ber when the reference is to the original document.
Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text
should be sent to the technical committee responsible for
the source document.(c) Use the following notice in a guide:A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or para-graph indicates material that has been extracted from
another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the com-
plete title and edition of the source documents for
extracts in advisory sections of this document are given in
Chapter 2 and those for extracts in the informational sec-
tions are given in Annex ___. Editorial changes to
extracted material consist of revising references to an
appropriate division in this document or the inclusion of
the document number with the division number when
the reference is to the original document. Requests for
interpretations or revisions of extracted text should be
sent to the technical committee responsible for the source
document._(8) Notice regarding referenced publications as follows:Information on referenced publications can be found
in Chapter 2 and Annex ___.1.6 Administrative Chapters. The first three chapters of anydocument shall contain only administrative text and shall be
in the following order:Chapter 1 Administration (See 1.6.1.)
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications (See 1.6.2.)
Chapter 3 Definitions (See 1.6.3.)DOCUMENT STRUCTUREMOS–52004 Edition1.6.1 Chapter 1 Administration.1.6.1.1 General. Chapter 1 shall include the following sec-tions, in this order, where applicable:Scope (See 1.6.1.2.)Purpose (See 1.6.1.3.)Application (See 1.6.1.4.)Retroactivity (See 1.6.1.5.)Equivalency (See 1.6.1.6.)Units and Formulas (See 1.6.1.7.)Enforcement Requirement (See 1.6.1.8.)1.6.1.2* Scope.1.6.1.2.1The text of a document shall be required to startwith a statement of the document’s scope, which shall be
within the scope of the committee as approved by the Stan-
dards Council in accordance with the Regulations Governing
Committee Projects.1.6.1.2.2The document scope shall describe in general termswhat the document covers and shall include sufficient details
to indicate the range or limits of what is covered.1.6.1.2.3The document scope shall be permitted to includesubsections on application and nonapplication.1.6.1.3* Purpose.1.6.1.3.1The text of a document shall be required to containa document purpose section that describes the goal of the doc-
ument.1.6.1.3.2The document purpose shall also describe the objec-tive(s) of the document or what it was created to accomplish.1.6.1.4* Application.The text of a document shall be permit-ted to contain an application section that shall indicate how
and to what the requirements of the document shall apply.1.6.1.5* Retroactivity.Retroactivity statements shall be usedas applicable.1.6.1.6* Equivalency.Equivalency statements shall be used asapplicable.1.6.1.7 Units and Formulas.An additional administrative sec-tion shall be permitted to be included and shall contain addi-
tional sections on units, formulas, and other specialized
mathematical notations that apply to the document. (See A.4.4.)1.6.1.8 Enforcement Requirement.1.6.1.8.1*NFPA codes shall have the following wordingwithin Chapter 1 to assist authorities in the enforcement of the
code:1.X Enforcement. This code shall be administered andenforced by the authority having jurisdiction designated
by the governing authority. (See Annex ___ for sample
wording for enabling legislation.)1.6.1.8.1.1The code enforcement requirement shall beincluded in NFPA codes.1.6.1.8.1.2The code enforcement requirement shall be per-mitted to be used in NFPA standards.1.6.1.8.2NFPA codes or standards containing the codeenforcement requirement shall have an annex showing sam-
ple wording for enabling legislation.1.6.1.9* Additional Administrative Sections.Additional admini-strative sections shall be permitted to be included in Chapter 1 as
required by the technical committee.1.6.2 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications.1.6.2.1Chapter 2 shall only contain the referenced publica-tions that apply to the document.1.6.2.2Chapter 2 shall contain only mandatory referencedpublications in codes and standards. (See 2.3.1.2.)1.6.2.3A committee proposal (CP) shall be developed toupdate non-NFPA references at the ROP stage.1.6.2.4Any references that are not mandatory but apply tothe document shall be included in the last annex in codes and
standards.1.6.2.5Chapter 2 shall contain all references used in the rec-ommendation part of the document in recommended prac-
tices. (See 2.4.1.4.)1.6.2.6All references contained in annexes of a recom-mended practice shall appear in the last annex of a recom-
mended practice.1.6.2.7In guides that do not contain any annexes or that donot contain any references in the annexes, all references shall
appear in Chapter 2. (See 2.4.2.3.)1.6.2.8If there are no mandatory referenced publications ina code or a standard, or no referenced publications in a rec-
ommended practice or guide, then Chapter 2 shall be
reserved.1.6.3 Chapter 3 Definitions.1.6.3.1Chapter 3 shall contain only definitions.1.6.3.2All definitions contained within the document shallappear in Chapter 3.1.6.3.3Chapter 3 shall include only terms used within thedocument.1.6.3.4All definitions shall be numbered individually withinChapter 3. (See 3.2.4.5.)1.6.3.5Definitions or a list of defined terms shall be permitted tobe included in other chapters provided that they are also
included in Chapter 3.1.6.3.5.1Definitions or a list of defined terms included in achapter other than Chapter 3 shall only appear in Section X.1.
(See 1.7.1.)1.6.3.5.2*Definitions in a chapter other than Chapter 3 shallbe in the form of subsections to Section X.1.1.6.3.5.3*A list of terms in a chapter other than Chapter 3shall be in the form of a numbered list, carrying a cross-refer-
ence to the definitions in Chapter 3.1.7 Individual Chapter Administrative Text.1.7.1*Each chapter starting with Chapter 4 shall be permit-ted to have the following administrative sections:(1) Chapter scope
(2) Chapter application
(3) Chapter purpose
(4) Chapter definitionsMOS–6MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition1.7.2*The administrative sections listed in 1.7.1 shall only bepermitted to appear in Section X.1 of each chapter.1.8 Numbering System.Mandatory text shall be divided intochapters that are numbered consecutively with Arabic numbers.1.8.1 Subdivisions.All subdivisions shall contain at least twosubdivisions (i.e., 3.1, 3.2 or 4.1.1, 4.1.2).1.8.2 Sections.Mandatory text within chapters shall be fur-ther divided into sections that are numbered consecutively.1.8.2.1Sections shall be numbered consecutively by adding aperiod (.) and an Arabic number after the chapter number
(e.g., sections in Chapter 4 shall be numbered 4.1, 4.2, 4.3,
etc.).1.8.2.2All sections shall be titled.1.8.3 Subsections.Sections containing multiple require-ments shall be subdivided into subsections, which shall be fur-
ther subdivided into paragraphs of text.1.8.3.1Subsections shall be numbered consecutively by add-ing a period and an Arabic number to the section number
(e.g., subsections in Section 4.2 shall be numbered 4.2.1, 4.2.2,
4.2.3, etc.).1.8.3.2The use of titles for subsections shall be optional butconsistent; that is, if one subsection within a section is to be
titled, all subsections in that section shall also be titled.1.8.3.3*The use of titles for subsections shall be permitted tobe inconsistent when the subsection has no requirement of its
own but serves only as a title over two or more related para-
graphs.1.8.4 Paragraphs and Subparagraphs.Multiple requirementswithin subsections shall be treated as separate paragraphs and
subparagraphs, which shall be permitted to be further broken
down into sub-subparagraphs.1.8.4.1Paragraphs shall be numbered by adding an addi-tional period and consecutive Arabic numbers to the subsec-
tion number (e.g., 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, etc.), with the option of
using capital letters in parentheses if the paragraphs are not
further broken down into subparagraphs.1.8.4.2Subparagraphs shall be numbered by adding an addi-tional period and consecutive Arabic numbers to the para-
graph number (e.g., 4.2.1.1.1, 4.2.1.1.2, etc.), with the option
of using capital letters in parentheses if they are not further
broken down into sub-subparagraphs.1.8.4.3Where the numbering of sub-subparagraphs usingadditional digits is necessary, the total number of digits,
including the chapter number designator, shall not exceed six
digits (e.g., 4.2.1.1.1.1), with the possibility of one additional
division that is lettered [and that would be written in cross-ref-
erences as 4.2.1.1.1.1(A)].1.9 Annexes.1.9.1*Annexes shall be permitted to be added to a documentto facilitate the use of the document; therefore, their relation
to the document shall be clearly set forth.1.9.2Annexes shall be within the scope of the project underwhich the document was developed, and they shall not be
inconsistent with the document itself.1.9.3An annex shall be processed in accordance with the Reg-ulations Governing Committee Projects.1.9.4Each annex shall begin with its own designation, title,and so forth.1.9.5Annexes shall each be indicated as Normative (manda-tory language) or Informative (nonmandatory language).1.9.6 Normative Annexes.1.9.6.1Normative annexes shall only be used for illustrativeexamples of language adoptable by the authority having juris-
diction and shall in all cases be approved by the Secretary of
the Standards Council.1.9.6.2Normative annexes shall contain the following boiler-plate text indicating that they are not part of the document
unless specifically adopted:This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA docu-ment unless specifically adopted by the jurisdiction.1.9.6.3Normative annexes shall be self-contained and shallinclude applicable scopes, purposes, applications, definitions,
and references as required.1.9.6.4Normative annexes shall only be used in codes andstandards.1.9.7 Informative Annexes.Nonmandatory text shall bedivided into annexes, beginning with Annex A, Explanatory
Material, and ending with a final annex reserved for nonman-
datory referenced publications, titled Informational Refer-
ences.1.9.7.1An annex containing a cross-reference chart to a pre-vious edition shall be permitted to be included for the conve-
nience of the reader.1.9.7.2 When an annex containing a cross-reference chart toa previous edition is included, it shall follow the Informational
References annex.1.9.8The editorial statement prefacing Annex A, ExplanatoryMaterial, shall consist of the following:Annex A is not a part of the [requirements, recommendations] ofthis NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only.
This annex contains explanatory material, numbered to correspond
with the applicable text paragraphs.1.9.9The editorial statement prefacing each informativeannex (except Annex A) shall consist of the following:This annex is not part of the [requirements, recommendations] ofthis NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only.1.9.10An annex listing references for annex material, biblio-graphical publications, informative publications, and docu-
ments extracted in the definition and/or annexes shall be the
last annex in standards and codes, and it shall be titled Infor-
mational References.1.9.10.1The Informational References annex shall consist ofthree sections as follows:(1) X.1 Referenced Publications. The following documents
or portions thereof are referenced within this (standard, code)
for informational purposes only and are thus not part of the
requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2.
(2) X.2 Informational References. The following docu-
ments or portions thereof are listed here as informational
resources only. They are not a part of the requirements of
this document.•TECHNICAL STYLEMOS–72004 Edition(3) X.3 References for Extracts. The following documents
are listed here to provide reference information, including
title and edition, for extracts given throughout the nonman-
datory sections of this (standard, code) as indicated by a refer-
ence in brackets [] following a section or paragraph. These
documents are not a part of the requirements of this docu-
ment unless also listed in Chapter 2 for other reasons.1.9.10.2If there are no Referenced Publications, no Informa-tional References, or no References for Extracts, the corre-
sponding section(s) shall be reserved.1.9.10.3If there are no Informational References of any type,the entire annex shall be reserved.1.9.11An annex listing references for annex material, biblio-graphical publications, informative publications, and docu-
ments extracted in the definitions and/or annexes shall be the
last annex in recommended practices, and it shall be titled
Informational References.1.9.11.1The Informational References annex shall consist ofthree sections as follows:(1) X.1 Referenced Publications. The following documentsor portions thereof are referenced within this recom-
mended practice for informational purposes only and are
thus not part of the recommendations of this document
unless also listed in Chapter 2.(2) X.2 Informational References. The following documentsor portions thereof are listed here as informational
resources only. They are not a part of the recommendations
of this document.(3) X.3 References for Extracts. The following documentsare listed here to provide reference information, includ-
ing title and edition, for extracts given in the informa-
tional sections of this recommended practice as indicated by
a reference in brackets [] following a section or para-
graph. These documents are not a part of the recommenda-
tions of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for
other reasons.1.9.11.2If there are no Referenced Publications, no Informa-tional References, or no References for Extracts, the corre-
sponding section(s) shall be reserved.1.9.11.3If there are no Informational References of any type,the entire annex shall be reserved.1.9.12An annex listing references for annex material, biblio-graphical publications, informative publications, and docu-
ments extracted in the definitions and/or annexes shall be the
last annex in guides, and it shall be titled Informational Refer-
ences.1.9.12.1The Informational References annex for guides shallconsist of three sections as follows:(1) X.1 Referenced Publications. The following documentsor portions thereof are referenced within the annexes of
this guide.(2) X.2 Informational References. The following documentsor portions thereof are listed here as informational
resources only. They are not directly referenced in this
guide.(3) X.3 References for Extracts. The following documentsare listed here to provide reference information, includ-
ing title and edition, for extracts given throughout the
informational sections of this guide as indicated by a ref-
erence in brackets [] following a section or paragraph.1.9.12.2If there are either no Referenced Publications, noInformational References, or no References for Extracts, the
corresponding section(s) shall be reserved.1.9.12.3If there are no Informational References of any type,the entire annex shall be reserved.1.10 Index.All NFPA Technical Committee documents shallhave an index that shall be prepared by NFPA independent of
the consensus development process.1.11* Codes and Standards Pages.NFPA codes and stan-dards development process information sheets shall be
included at the end of the document when appropriate.Chapter 2Technical Style2.1* General.Chapter 2 of this document shall address thetechnical style of the document and shall include the following:(1) Technical rules
(2) Rules for mandatory documents
(3) Rules for nonmandatory documents2.2 Technical Rules.2.2.1 Permissive or Alternative Terms.2.2.1.1The terms may and may not shall not be used in anyportion of codes, standards, or recommended practices.2.2.1.2The phrase shall be permitted (to be) shall be used to statea permitted use or an alternative to a specified requirement
within codes and standards.2.2.1.3The phrase should be permitted (to be) shall be used tostate a recommended permitted use or a recommended alter-
native to a recommendation within recommended practices.2.2.1.4The phrase provided that shall be permitted to be usedas part of a permitted use or an alternative requirement within
codes and standards or used as part of a recommendation
within recommended practices.2.2.2* Unenforceable Terms.2.2.2.1*The main text of codes and standards shall not con-tain references or requirements that are unenforceable and
vague. (See 2.3.3 and 2.3.4.)2.2.2.2Unenforceable terms shall be allowed in recom-mended practices and guides.2.2.2.3*The terms contained in Table 2.2.2.3 shall bereviewed in context, and if the resulting requirement is unen-
forceable or vague, they shall not be used within the body of
codes or standards.2.2.2.4The list of terms contained in Table 2.2.2.3 shall notbe considered all-inclusive.2.2.2.5All mandatory language shall be reviewed for usability,adoptability, and enforceability.2.2.3 Choices of Levels of Safety.2.2.3.1*Codes and standards shall state specific criteria thatminimize the judgment required by the users.2.2.3.2*Multiple levels of safety shall not be used in any codeor standard.•MOS–8MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition2.2.3.3* Multiple Design Levels.Codes and standards shallbe permitted to develop multiple design levels.2.2.4 Expressing Maximum and Minimum Limits.Maximumand minimum limits shall be expressed with the following type
of phraseology:(1) Shall not exceed 300 V to ground . . .
(2) Shall have a clearance of not less than 5 cm . . .
(3) Shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.5 m . . .2.2.5 Maintenance.Where maintenance provisions arewithin the scope of a document, maintenance requirements
shall be located in a separate section or chapter at the end of
the main text of the document, independent of requirements
for a new installation.2.2.6* Product Standards.2.2.6.1*Product standards shall be written such that theproduct is evaluated and tested for compliance with minimal
or no judgmental decisions.2.2.6.2*Product standards shall always be separate docu-ments from documents that contain user requirements.2.2.7 Related Hazards.2.2.7.1* When to Include Related Hazards. In the eventthat a technical committee finds it necessary to include in a
standard subjects that do not directly involve the intended
application of the code or standard, the following shall be per-
mitted to be included:(1) Subjects necessary for continuity of the contents of thestandard and in concert with its scope(2) Material pertaining to related hazards where, for theapplication and enforcement of the code or standard,
the technical committee is not able to separate it from
specific hazards covered by the code or standard2.2.7.2* NFPA Technical Advisory Committees.When NFPAtechnical advisory committees (TACs) have been established
or assigned for specific areas of expertise, advice shall be
sought from the appropriate TAC.2.3 Rules for Mandatory Documents.2.3.1 Codes and Standards.See A.2.3.2.6 for the NFPA Offi-cial Definitions of these terms.2.3.1.1Chapter 1 shall be written in mandatory language. (See2.3.1.5.)2.3.1.2*Chapter 2 shall be written in mandatory languageand shall include all mandatory referenced publications.2.3.1.2.1Chapter 2 shall consist of three sections as follows:(1) 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed inthis chapter are referenced within this (standard, code)
and shall be considered part of the requirements of this
document.(2) 2.2 NFPA Publications.
(3) 2.3 Other Publications.2.3.1.2.2If there are either no NFPA Publications or noOther Publications, the corresponding section shall be
reserved.2.3.1.2.3If there are no referenced publications, the wholechapter shall be reserved.2.3.1.2.4All reference listings in Chapter 2 shall contain com-plete reference information [i.e., document number (if appli-
cable), document title, and date of publication (if
applicable)].2.3.1.2.5References shall be permitted to be referred tothroughout the document (other than Chapter 2) by only their
numerical designation or document title, as used in the field.2.3.1.3*Section 3.1 of Chapter 3 shall be written in manda-tory language. (See 2.3.1.3.1.)2.3.1.3.1Chapter 3 shall consist of three sections as follows:(1) 3.1 General.3.1.1 The definitions contained in this chapter shallapply to the terms used in this (standard, code).
3.1.2Where terms are not defined in this chapter or withinanother chapter, they shall be defined using their ordi-
narily accepted meanings within the context in which they
are used. Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be
the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.(2) 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
(3) 3.3 General Definitions.2.3.1.3.2If there are either no NFPA Official Definitions orno General Definitions, the corresponding section shall be
reserved.2.3.1.3.3If there are no definitions, the whole chapter shallbe reserved.2.3.1.4 Definitions shall not be written in mandatory lan-guage. (See 2.3.2.3.)2.3.1.5Scope, purpose, and application statements of Chap-ter 1 and of individual chapters shall be permitted to utilize
statements of fact or mandatory language at the discretion of
the technical committee but consistent language usage is pre-
ferred. (See Section 1.7.)Table 2.2.2.3 Possible Unenforceable and Vague TermsAcceptableFrequent(ly)PracticesAdequate(ly)FirmlyPrefer(red)AppreciableGenerallyProper(ly)AppropriateGoodReady(ily)Approximate(ly)LightlyReasonable(ly)AvailableLikelySafe(ly) (ty)Avoid(ed)Legible(ly)SatisfactoryCanManySecure(ly)CareMaySeveralCareful(ly)MaybeShouldConsider(ed) (ation) MightSignificantCouldMost(ly)SimilarDesirableNear(ly)SomeEasy(ily)Neat(ly)Substantial(ly)EffectivelyNormal(ly)Sufficient(ly)Equivalent(ly)NoteSuitableFamiliarPeriodic(ally)Usual(ly)FeasiblePractical(ly)WorkmanlikeFewTECHNICAL STYLEMOS–92004 Edition2.3.2 Definitions.2.3.2.1A definition shall only describe the term beingdefined.2.3.2.2Definitions shall be in the format of a bold term fol-lowed by the definition phrase to form a single paragraph
unit.2.3.2.3Definitions shall not contain requirements.2.3.2.4*References to other documents or sections of a doc-ument, notes, lists, footnotes, cautions, warnings, or figures
shall not be permitted in definitions.2.3.2.5Annex A material shall be permitted for any defini-tion.2.3.2.6*Existing official definitions contained in the Regula-tions Governing Committee Projects shall be used where applicable.2.3.2.7*Existing general definitions contained in the NFPAGlossary of Terms shall be used where technically accurate and
correct.2.3.2.8Modifications to official definitions appearing in theRegulations Governing Committee Projects shall be submitted to
the Standards Council.2.3.2.9Modifications to terms appearing in the Glossary ofTerms shall be submitted as a proposal processed in accor-
dance with the Regulations Governing Committee Projects.2.3.2.10*Where an existing preferred definition is takenfrom another document or from the Glossary of Terms, the
source document and year of publication shall be referenced
in brackets at the end of the definition to indicate that the def-
inition has been extracted from that document, e.g., [58,
2004].2.3.2.11 Modifications to terms followed by an extract cita-tion shall be submitted as a proposal to the committee respon-
sible for the source document in accordance with the
Regulations Governing Committee Projects.2.3.3 Mandatory Requirements.2.3.3.1Where a sentence in a code or standard does not con-tain a mandatory requirement, it shall be rewritten to include
a mandatory requirement or the sentence shall be moved to
Annex A or deleted.2.3.3.2The terms shall and shall not shall be used to indicatemandatory requirements.2.3.3.3*Figures and tables shall be permitted to appear in themandatory section of a code and standard only when they are
referenced using mandatory language. (See 3.7.1.1.)2.3.4 Annexes.2.3.4.1The annexes of codes and standards shall be used foradvisory text, explanatory material, and supplementary infor-
mation and shall not be used for mandatory requirements.2.3.4.2All nonmandatory or informational text shall eitherappear in Annex A or be presented as a separate annex in the
case of specialized information.2.3.4.3The term shall shall not be used in the annexes becauseits use would indicate a mandatory action or requirement.2.3.4.4Use of the terms should, can, could, and might shall bepermitted in the annexes.2.3.5 Exceptions.2.3.5.1Exceptions shall be permitted only where the excep-tion represents an allowance or required alternate procedure
to a general rule when limited, specified conditions apply.2.3.5.2*Where the rewording of exceptions as requirementsor removal of exceptions will not change the technical
requirements of the document, exceptions shall be reworded
as requirements or removed.2.3.5.3Exceptions shall not be permitted to be used in placeof several multiple requirements where the intent is to break
up long sentences that incorporate a single rule that applies
generally.2.3.5.4Exceptions shall not be permitted to be used wherethe exception covers the predominate use or application and
would more appropriately be addressed as a requirement.2.3.5.5*Exceptions shall not be used where there is a long list ofexceptions indicating that the basic rule is often inapplicable.2.3.6 Notes.2.3.6.1Notes shall not be permitted to be used in the manda-tory text sections of a document.2.3.6.2Notes shall only be permitted to be used in tables andfigures.2.3.6.3Table and figure notes shall not include require-ments.2.3.6.3.1Cross-references to text sections containing manda-tory requirements shall be permitted in table and figure notes.2.3.6.3.2In table and figure notes, cross-references to manda-tory text sections shall not be written in mandatory language.2.3.7 Footnotes.2.3.7.1Footnotes shall not be permitted to be used in themandatory text sections of a document.2.3.7.2Footnotes shall only be permitted to be used as tablefootnotes.2.3.8* Caution and Warning Statements.2.3.8.1Caution and warning statements shall be provided toprevent injuries, damage, or other direct hazards to the user
or exposures.2.3.8.2Caution and warning statements shall only be permittedto be used within the mandatory text sections where a distinct
hazard to the user, building, property, exposures, and so forth
exists.2.3.9 Cross-References.2.3.9.1*Mandatory cross-references shall be to specific man-datory requirements in other sections of the document and
shall be stated in mandatory language.2.3.9.2*Nonmandatory cross-references to other sections,annexes, tables, or figures shall be permitted within manda-
tory text, but shall only be permitted where the cross-refer-
ence is to other portions of the document.2.3.9.3Cross-references to subdivisions in other documentsshall be permitted within the mandatory text of a document
only when the reference is written in mandatory language.MOS–10MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition2.3.9.4A cross-reference shall not be made to an entire chap-ter unless a cross-reference to one or more sections would not
be complete.2.3.9.5A cross-reference shall be made to an entire section,where all of the cross-referenced section is applicable and rel-
evant.2.3.10 References.2.3.10.1*References to other documents within the manda-tory text of a code or standard shall be mandatory.2.3.10.2Nonmandatory references to other documents shallonly be permitted within annexes.2.3.10.3Recommended practices and guides shall not be ref-erenced in the mandatory text of a document.2.4 Rules for Nonmandatory Documents.2.4.1 Recommended Practices.See A.2.3.2.6 for the NFPAOfficial Definition of this term.2.4.1.1A document that is a recommended practice shallinclude only recommendations and directly supporting text
throughout the text. (See 1.2.2.)2.4.1.2Where a sentence does not contain a recommenda-tion, it shall be rewritten to include a recommendation or the
sentence shall be moved to the annex.2.4.1.3Mandatory language shall not be used in recom-mended practices.2.4.1.4Chapter 2 shall include all publications referenced inthe recommendations of the document.2.4.1.4.1Chapter 2 shall consist of three sections as follows:(1) 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed inthis chapter are referenced within this recommended
practice and should be considered part of the recom-
mendations of this document.(2) 2.2 NFPA Publications.
(3) 2.3 Other Publications.2.4.1.4.2If there are either no NFPA Publications or noOther Publications, the corresponding section shall be
reserved.2.4.1.4.3If there are no referenced publications, the wholechapter shall be reserved.2.4.1.4.4All reference listings in Chapter 2 shall contain com-plete reference information [i.e., document number (if appli-
cable), document title, and date of publication (if
applicable)].2.4.1.4.5References shall be permitted to be referred tothroughout the document (other than Chapter 2) by only
their numerical designation or document title, as used in the
field.2.4.1.5Chapter 3 of a recommended practice shall not con-tain mandatory language.2.4.1.5.1Chapter 3 of a recommended practice shall consistof three sections as follows:(1) 3.1 General.3.1.1 The definitions contained in this chapter apply tothe terms used in this recommended practice.3.1.2 Where terms are not defined in this chapter orwithin another chapter, they should be defined using
their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in
which they are used. Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edi-
tion, is the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.(2) 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
(3) 3.3 General Definitions.2.4.1.5.2If there are no NFPA Official Definitions or no Gen-eral Definitions, the corresponding section shall be reserved.2.4.1.5.3If there are no definitions, the whole chapter shallbe reserved.2.4.1.6All informational text shall either appear in Annex Aor be presented as a separate annex in the case of specialized
information.2.4.2 Guides.See A.2.3.2.6 for the NFPA Official Definitionof this term.2.4.2.1A document that is a guide shall be permitted to mixrecommendations and explanatory material throughout the
text.2.4.2.2The term shall shall not be used in guides.2.4.2.3Chapter 2 shall include all publications referenced inthe main part of the guide.2.4.2.3.1Chapter 2 shall consist of three sections as follows:(1) 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed inthis chapter are referenced within this guide.(2) 2.2 NFPA Publications.
(3) 2.3 Other Publications.2.4.2.3.2If there are either no NFPA Publications or noOther Publications, the corresponding section shall be
reserved.2.4.2.3.3If there are no referenced publications, the wholechapter shall be reserved.2.4.2.4Terms such as can, could, and might shall be permittedto be used in the text and in the annexes of guides in place of
or in addition to the term should.2.5 Internationalization of Documents.2.5.1 General.2.5.1.1*Documents shall be written to enhance their interna-tional acceptability and adoptability.2.5.1.2* Where documents reference other codes, standards,or test methods, the referenced document, when available,
shall be internationally recognized.2.5.2 Word Clarity.Words and terms used in NFPA docu-ments shall be selected for specificity and clarity in meaning,
and use of jargon, limited-use or industrial-specific terms, or
colloquial language that is difficult to understand or interpret
shall be avoided.2.5.3 Multiple Meanings.All words and terms used in NFPAdocuments that could be used, understood, or interpreted in
more than one way shall be defined in the definitions chapter.2.6* Extracts.2.6.1 General Extract Requirements.To extract materialfrom another NFPA document, all of the following items shall
be required:EDITORIAL STYLEMOS–112004 Edition(1) There shall be specific technical reasons for the extract.
(2) There shall be clear indication, with the extracted text, ofthe number, title, and edition of the document from
which the extracts are taken and that requests for inter-
pretations or proposed revisions of the text shall be
referred to the committee responsible for the source doc-
ument.(3) Any editing of the extracted text shall be confined only tomaking the style consistent with that of the document
containing the extract.(4) The extracted text shall be kept current with that of thesource document in a timely, appropriate manner.2.6.1.1*Each paragraph, table, and figure extracted fromanother NFPA document shall be followed by a reference in
brackets containing the document number in bold type fol-
lowed by a colon and the reference section from the originat-
ing NFPA document, e.g., [10:2.3.2.5].2.6.1.2A boilerplate paragraph shall be added at the begin-ning of the document to explain that material has been
extracted from the document referenced in brackets at the
end of a paragraph or section. [See 1.5.2.5.2(7).]2.6.1.3Only mandatory text shall be extracted in mandatorysections of a code or standard, and the extracted material shall
be taken from the current edition of the source document.2.6.1.4When material is extracted from another document inthe body of a code, standard, recommended practice, or
guide, the complete title and the current edition of the source
document shall be referenced in Chapter 2, Referenced Pub-
lications.2.6.1.5A definition extracted from another NFPA documentshall be cited as an extract, with the source document listed in
the References for Extracts section of the Informational Ref-
erences annex. (See 1.9.10 and 1.9.11.)2.6.1.6Source documents for extracts in annexes shall belisted in the References for Extracts section of the Informa-
tional References annex. (See 1.9.10 and 1.9.11.)2.6.1.7Even when an entire annex consists of text extractedfrom another NFPA document, each paragraph, table, and fig-
ure shall carry the bracketed citation.2.6.2 Extracted Material.2.6.2.1A section or paragraph being extracted from anotherdocument shall represent a specific thought and shall be
entirely extracted.2.6.2.2The context of the original extracted material shallnot be compromised or violated. [See 2.6.1(3).]2.6.2.3 Exception, Caution, and Warning Statements.2.6.2.3.1 Text shall not be extracted without including anyexception(s) associated with the extracted text.2.6.2.3.2Similarly, caution and warning statements shall alsobe included.2.6.2.4 Related Notes and Annex Material.2.6.2.4.1Notes and annexes are intended as advisory, supple-mentary information, and thus they shall not be required to be
included along with an extracted paragraph.2.6.2.4.2If, in the originating document, the extracted textcontains notes or is associated with annex material, the com-
mittee shall review the notes and annexes.2.6.2.4.3If the committee chooses not to extract the note orrelated annex section, they shall ensure that the paragraph
cannot be misinterpreted based on the absence of this supple-
mental information.2.6.3 Paragraph Numbering.2.6.3.1*Committees shall not change the relationship ofparagraphs to each other in renumbering extracted text.2.6.3.2The committee taking the extract shall not take part ofa section or paragraph and skip another part of this same sec-
tion or paragraph without a valid technical reason.2.6.3.3The family of paragraphs that state a set of require-ments shall be kept together to ensure both documents are
consistent in stated requirements.2.6.4 Cross-References.Where extracted cross-material ref-erences another paragraph in the document from where the
material is extracted, the committee shall try to extract the
cross-referenced paragraph as well so its document is more
complete and user-friendly.Chapter 3Editorial Style3.1* General.Editorial style shall focus on the grammaticalformat used throughout the document.3.2 Text Editorial Rules.3.2.1 General.3.2.1.1Style, including grammar, punctuation, and conven-tional presentation of text, shall generally conform to the rec-
ommendations of The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition.3.2.1.2Spelling and definitions of general words and termsshall follow Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition.3.2.2 Spelling.3.2.2.1*When a choice of spelling is given in Webster’s, thesimpler form shall be used in NFPA documents.3.2.2.2Specific fire-related terminology shall have the spell-ings and meanings as set forth in the NFPA Glossary of Terms.3.2.2.3When a standard definition is needed, Webster’s shallbe utilized where the meaning is correct and accurate as used
in NFPA documents.3.2.3 Capitalization.3.2.3.1 General.Capitalization shall follow conventionalusage, including the capitalization of proper names.3.2.3.2* Titles.The first letter of chapter, section, figure, andsimilar designations shall be capitalized only when the refer-
ence is specific.3.2.3.3* Terms.Terms such as grade, class, specimen, and typeshall also be capitalized when the reference is specific.3.2.3.4 Figure Captions.3.2.3.4.1The first letter of each word of a figure caption shallbe capitalized.MOS–12MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition3.2.3.4.2A preposition of four letters or less (with, from), arti-cle (an, the), or coordinating conjunction (and, but, of) shall
be lowercased unless it is the first or last word.3.2.3.5 Table Titles.3.2.3.5.1The first letter of each word of a table title shall becapitalized.3.2.3.5.2A preposition of four letters or less (with, from), arti-cle (an, the), or coordinating conjunction (and, but, of) shall
be lowercased unless it is the first or last word. (See 3.2.6.1.)3.2.3.6 Art Labels.3.2.3.6.1Only the first letter of the first word of labels withina figure shall be capitalized.3.2.3.6.2*Where labels begin with a unit of measure, no cap-italization shall be used.3.2.3.7 Text Headings.3.2.3.7.1The first letter of each word in text headings shall becapitalized.3.2.3.7.2 In text headings, a preposition of four letters or less(with, from), article (an, the), or coordinating conjunction
(and, but, of) shall be lowercased unless it is the first or last
word.3.2.3.7.3The first letter of both parts of a hyphenated wordshall be capitalized.3.2.4 Definitions.3.2.4.1 General.All definitions for terms in the documentshall appear in Chapter 3.3.2.4.1.1 Defined Terms in Other Chapters.3.2.4.1.1.1At the committee’s discretion, lists of definedterms shall be permitted to be given in other chapters in Sec-
tion X.1 with cross-references added to each term to indicate
the section where the definition can be found in Chapter 3.
(See 1.6.3.5.3.)3.2.4.1.1.2Complete definitions shall also be permitted to begiven in other chapters in Section X.1 provided that the defi-
nitions also appear in Chapter 3. (See 1.6.3.5.2.)3.2.4.1.2Chapter 3 shall contain only definitions for termsused in the document.3.2.4.1.3Chapter 3 shall be divided into at least three sections.3.2.4.1.3.1The first section in Chapter 3 shall be entitledGeneral and shall contain the text of the boilerplate identified
in 2.3.1.3.1.3.2.4.1.3.2All applicable official definitions shall be listed inSection 3.2 under the heading NFPA Official Definitions.3.2.4.1.3.3*All general definitions for the document shall belisted in Section 3.3 under the heading General Definitions.3.2.4.1.3.4Where specialized groupings of definitions areneeded, these groupings shall be listed in subsequent sections
under an appropriate heading (e.g., 3.4 Sprinkler-Related
Definitions).3.2.4.2 Types of Entries.All definitions within the sections ofChapter 3 shall be divided into main entries and up to two lev-
els of subentries.3.2.4.2.1Main definition entries shall consist of either of thefollowing:(1) A primary noun that groups sets of subentries (e.g., wallis a main entry that groups subentries such as angle wall,
fire wall, non-load-bearing wall)(2) An individual noun or a noun/modifier combinationthat is not part of a set for the document (e.g., bulkhead,
bulkhead panel, bulkhead wall are all individual main
entries)3.2.4.2.2Subentry definitions shall consist of terms thatdefine specific types of main entries (e.g., maximum pressure
and minimum pressure are subentries that define types of the
main entry pressure).3.2.4.2.3*Sub-subentries shall consist of terms that definetypes of subentries.3.2.4.3 Defining Entries.3.2.4.3.1Where a term is defined, the definition shall be writ-ten in accordance with the rules for definitions in 2.3.2.3.2.4.3.2* Where main entries consist of a primary noun (e.g.,wall or pressure) that serves to group sets of related subentry def-
initions, the noun shall not be required to carry a definition.3.2.4.3.3All subentries and sub-subentries shall carry a defini-tion written in accordance with the rules for definitions in
2.3.2.3.2.4.4 Alphabetizing Entries.All definitions shall be listed inChapter 3 in alphabetical order.3.2.4.4.1All main definition entries shall be arranged alpha-betically within each section using the word-by-word system.3.2.4.4.2*All subentry definitions within a grouping shall bearranged alphabetically under the main entry definition using
the word-by-word system.3.2.4.4.3All sub-subentry definitions within a grouping shallbe arranged alphabetically under the subentry definition
using the word-by-word system.3.2.4.5 Numbering Entries.All definitions shall be numbered.3.2.4.5.1All main definition entries shall be numbered con-secutively by adding periods and consecutive Arabic numbers
to the section number.3.2.4.5.2All subentries shall be numbered by adding periodsand consecutive Arabic numbers to the main definition number.3.2.4.5.3*All sub-subentries shall be numbered by adding peri-ods and consecutive Arabic numbers to the subentry number.3.2.5 Abbreviations.Accepted editorial practices of special-ized publications in the specific technical field shall be used as
a guide to abbreviations.3.2.5.1 Acronyms and Uncommon Abbreviations.3.2.5.1.1All acronyms and any abbreviations that are not incommon use shall be spelled out with the acronym or abbrevi-
ation following in parentheses for the first use of the term in
the document.3.2.5.1.2Each subsequent use shall be the acronym or abbre-viation only.3.2.5.2 Units of Measure.When accompanied by a specificquantity, all units of measure shall be abbreviated, except for
units of time, which shall be spelled out.•EDITORIAL STYLEMOS–132004 Edition3.2.6 Punctuation.Punctuation shall follow conventionalusage as set forth in The Chicago Manual of Style.3.2.6.1 Use of Periods with Titles and Headings.Periodsshall not be used after the main title of a document, after
chapter titles, or at the end of table titles.3.2.6.2 Use of Periods with Figure Captions.Periods shall beused at the end of figure captions.3.2.6.3 Use of Periods with Section Headings. Periods shallbe used at the end of each section, subsection, and paragraph
heading.3.2.6.4 Use of Periods with Abbreviations. Periods shall notbe used in abbreviations of units of measure unless the omis-
sion of the period could cause confusion (e.g., in., not in, for
inch).3.3 Document Structure Editorial Rules.3.3.1 Listed Items.3.3.1.1 List Placement.3.3.1.1.1*Lists shall be within the body of an existing para-graph and shall be preceded by introductory text and a colon.3.3.1.1.2*Lists shall not be permitted to be within the middleof a sentence.3.3.1.2 Style of Lists.3.3.1.2.1The structure of all items within a list shall be paral-lel — that is, the items shall be all single words, all phrases, or
all full sentences.3.3.1.2.2In lists consisting of single words and phrases, theintroductory text shall include mandatory language that estab-
lishes the requirement for the paragraph.3.3.1.2.3*In sentence-style lists, introductory text shall con-tain mandatory language if each item is not stated as a require-
ment.3.3.1.2.4In sentence-style lists, each item shall consist of onlyone sentence.3.3.1.3 Types of Lists.3.3.1.3.1Main lists shall be a grouping of listed items within anumbered or lettered section.3.3.1.3.2*Sublists shall be a grouping of listed items within amain list item.3.3.1.3.3Sub-sublists shall be a grouping of listed items withina sublist item.3.3.1.4 Numbering.The hierarchy for numbering and letter-ing listed items shall be as follows:(1) Main list item(a) Sublist item
(b) Sublist itemi. Sub-sublist item
ii. Sub-sublist item(2) Main list item3.3.1.5 Unnumbered Lists.Unnumbered lists, in which theitems have no means for being cross-referenced, shall not be
permitted.3.3.2 Figures.See also 3.7.1.1.1 and 3.7.1.1.2.3.3.2.1All figures shall be numbered and cross-referencedwithin the appropriate section, subsection, or paragraph of
text.3.3.2.2Numbering shall correspond to the section, subsec-tion, or paragraph in which the figure is cross-referenced
(e.g., Figure 4.3.2.2).3.3.3 Tables.See also 3.7.2.3.3.3.1Tables shall be numbered and cross-referenced withinthe appropriate section, subsection, or paragraph of text.3.3.3.2Numbering shall correspond to the section, subsec-tion, or paragraph in which the table is cross-referenced (e.g.,
Table 4.3.3.2).3.3.4 Equations.See also 3.7.3.3.3.4.1Equations shall be numbered only when necessary forcross-referencing purposes.3.3.4.2*Equation numbers shall correspond to the section,subsection, or paragraph in which the equation is cross-refer-
enced, e.g., (4.3.4.2).3.3.4.3If two or more equations appear in the same section,they shall also be lettered, e.g., (5.5.1a) and (5.5.1b).3.3.4.4Equation numbers shall be in parentheses and shallappear to the right of the equation. (See A.3.3.4.2.)3.4 Material from Other Organizations.3.4.1 Permission to Use.To use material from other organi-zations in the text of an NFPA document, NFPA shall have
written permission of the organization from which the mate-
rial was obtained.3.4.2* Staff Responsibility.The NFPA staff liaison shall beresponsible for obtaining written permission for use of mate-
rials from other organizations.3.4.3 Credit Line.A credit line within the text and a referencecitation in the appropriate reference chapter or annex shall be
provided to acknowledge the owner/copyright holder of the
material.3.5 Explanatory Information.3.5.1Explanatory statements that do not contain require-ments shall not be used in the main text.3.5.2Such material shall be located in an annex. (See 2.3.4.)3.6 References.3.6.1* Cross-References.3.6.1.1 Cross-References to Other Sections.Cross-referencesto other sections within the document shall be specific and rel-
evant and shall be placed where most relevant in the para-
graph.3.6.1.1.1*A cross-reference to a chapter or section shallinclude the word Chapter or Section in the text.3.6.1.1.2A cross-reference shall not be required to include“of this standard.”3.6.1.1.3*A cross-reference to a subdivision within a sectionshall be referred to by number only, without the word subsec-
tion or paragraph, except when the cross-reference begins the
sentence.MOS–14MANUAL OF STYLE FOR NFPA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS2004 Edition3.6.1.1.4*Nonmandatory cross-references to other sections,annexes, tables, or figures within a document shall be sepa-
rated from the mandatory text by parentheses and shall be set
in italic type.3.6.1.2 Cross-References to Figures and Tables.3.6.1.2.1Cross-references to figures and tables shall be madeusing the applicable number prefaced by the word Figure or
Table.3.6.1.2.2When cross-reference is made to two or more figuresor tables, the word Figure or Table shall be repeated before
each number (e.g., Table 4.2.1 and Table 4.2.2).3.6.1.2.3When cross-reference is made to a range of figuresor tables, the word Figure or Table shall be repeated before
each number in the range [e.g., Figure 4.4.2(a) through Fig-
ure 4.4.2(e)].3.6.1.3* Unneeded Cross-References.Cross-references shallnot be used where additional words serve the same purpose.3.6.2 References to Publications.The following rules shallapply to references to publications in the text of a document:(1) References to publications in the text shall be for the pur-pose of supplementing requirements, recommendations,
and guidance (as in guides).(2) In codes and standards, only mandatory references shallappear in the text of the document. (See 1.6.2.2.)(3) Bibliographical and informative references shall not beincluded in the text of a document but only in explana-
tory material, such as in an annex or in a table footnote.3.6.2.1 References to Other NFPA Codes and Standards.Allreferences to other NFPA codes and standards shall include
the NFPA designation followed by a comma and the full title
of the document in italics (e.g., “. . . as required by NFPA 13,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”).3.6.2.1.1NFPA references shall be permitted to be referred tothroughout the document (other than Chapter 2 or the last
annex) by only their numerical designation or document title,
as used in the field. (See 2.3.1.2.5.)3.6.2.1.2The edition shall not be designated in the text, butin Chapter 2 or the last annex.3.6.2.2* References to Proprietary Documents of Other Or-
ganizations.All references to documents published by otherorganizations, including government entities, shall carry that
organization’s designation and the full publication title in ital-
ics (e.g., “. . . in accordance with API 2510, Design and Construc-
tion of LP-Gas Installations”).3.6.2.2.1References to documents published by other organi-zations shall be permitted to be referred to throughout the
document (other than Chapter 2 or the last annex) by only
their numerical designation or document title, as used in the
field. (See 2.3.1.2.5.)3.6.2.2.2The edition shall not be designated in the text, butin Chapter 2 or the last annex.3.6.2.3 References to Books, Reports, and Articles in Peri-
odicals.All references to books shall be made using theauthor-date method of citation (e.g., the author’s last name,
or publishing organization if no author is given, and the year
of publication enclosed in parentheses at the end of a sen-
tence).3.6.3 Reference Lists.The specific identification of refer-enced publications and their source shall be included in the list
of mandatory referenced publications given in Chapter 2 or in
the list of nonmandatory references given in the last annex. (See
also 1.6.2, 1.9.10, 1.9.11, 2.3.1.2, 2.4.1.4, and 2.4.2.3.)3.6.3.1 NFPA Codes and Standards and Proprietary Docu-
ments of Other Organizations.Mandatory references in Chap-ter 2 and informative references in the last annex shall include
the identification number if any; the title; the year of the cur-
rent edition (in Chapter 2) or the referenced edition (in annex
references only); and the name and address of the organization
issuing the referenced document.3.6.3.1.1*The current, approved edition of the referenceddocument shall be included in Chapter 2, Referenced Publica-
tions, for mandatory references or in the last annex, Informa-
tional References, for informative references.3.6.3.1.2The referenced edition of the referenced documentshall be included in the last annex, Informational References,
for informative references.3.6.3.1.3Updates of references to non-NFPA documents shallbe completed by the appropriate technical committee and
shall be processed in accordance with the Regulations Govern-
ing Committee Projects. (See 1.6.2.3.)3.6.3.1.4The references shall be listed separately to facilitateupdating to the latest edition by the user.3.6.3.2 Books, Reports, and Articles in Periodicals.3.6.3.2.1Citations for books, reports, and periodicals shallinclude the author’s name (or the publishing organization if no
author is identified), the year published, the full title of the
work, the publisher’s city, and the full name of the publisher.3.6.3.2.2The style for citations of books, reports, and period-icals shall conform to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition.3.7 Special Elements.3.7.1 Figures.See also 3.3.2.1 and 3.3.2.2.3.7.1.1 General.3.7.1.1.1Figures in the main text of the document shall por-tray mandatory requirements.3.7.1.1.2Drawings, charts, or graphs used to illustrate only atypical situation and not a mandatory requirement shall be
placed in an annex.3.7.1.2 Preparation.Drawings, charts, and graphs shall beprepared by NFPA from drawings submitted by the technical
committee.3.7.1.3 Identification.3.7.1.3.1Each drawing, chart, or graph shall be identified bya figure number and a unique caption.3.7.1.3.2All figures shall be referenced in the text and the fig-ure number shall be the same number as the section, subsec-
tion, or paragraph where it is referenced in the text.3.7.1.3.3If more than one figure is related to a single section,subsection, or paragraph, lowercase letters in parentheses
shall be used as a suffix to the paragraph number.3.7.1.3.4The caption of the figure shall appear below thefigure. (See 3.2.3.4.)EDITORIAL STYLEMOS–152004 Edition3.7.1.4 Figure Position in Text.When used in the text, a fig-ure shall be placed as near to its first reference in the text as
convenient.3.7.1.5 Figure Labels.See also 3.2.3.6.3.7.1.5.1All significant elements in a figure shall be labeledwith terminology that matches the text discussion.3.7.1.5.2All dimensions shall be indicated with SI units orwith inch-pound units.3.7.1.5.2.1Conversions to either inch-pound units or SI unitsshall be permitted to be given in parentheses following the pri-
mary unit when space permits.3.7.1.5.2.2If there is not enough space in the figure, the con-version factor(s) shall be given in a figure note.3.7.1.5.3Units of measure used in figure labels shall be abbre-viated.3.7.1.6 Figure Legends or Notes.Symbols in complex fig-ures shall be identified in a legend or note.3.7.1.7* Credit Lines.Photos and artwork obtained fromoutside sources shall be identified by a credit line in parenthe-
ses following the caption.3.7.2 Tables.See also 3.3.3.3.7.2.1 Identification.3.7.2.1.1Each table shall be identified by a number and aunique title.3.7.2.1.2All tables shall be referenced in the text, and thetable number shall be the same number as the section, subsec-
tion, or paragraph where it is referenced in the text.3.7.2.1.3If more than one table is related to a single section,subsection, or paragraph, lowercase letters in parentheses
shall be used as a suffix to the subdivision number.3.7.2.2 Titles.3.7.2.2.1The first letter of each word in a table title shall becapitalized.3.7.2.2.2In a table title, a preposition of four letters or less, anarticle, or a coordinating conjunction shall be lowercased
unless it is the first word.3.7.2.2.3Each table shall have a unique title.3.7.2.3 Column Headings.3.7.2.3.1The first letter of each word in a column headingshall be capitalized.3.7.2.3.2In a column heading, a preposition of four letters orless, an article, or a coordinating conjunction shall be lower-
cased unless it is the first word.3.7.2.3.3Abbreviated units of measure in column headingsshall be lowercased and enclosed in parentheses, unless the
units of measure appear under a rule in which case they shall
be lowercased but not enclosed in parentheses.3.7.2.3.4The first letter of every word in column sub-head-ings shall be capitalized except for any dimensional heading at
the top of each column.3.7.2.4 Column Entries.Only the first letter of the first wordof individual table entries shall be capitalized.3.7.2.5 Abbreviations and Letter Symbols.Abbreviations andletter symbols for units, when the intent and meaning are clear,
shall be permitted to be used in headings and in the body of the
table.3.7.2.6 Units of Measure.3.7.2.6.1Units of measure shall always be given in the title,column headings, or table footnote as needed.3.7.2.6.2When the same unit of measure is used throughouta column, the unit of measure shall be given in the column
heading instead of the column itself.3.7.2.6.3When a column contains more than one unit ofmeasure, then the units of measure shall be used in the col-
umn and not in the column heading.3.7.2.6.4Units of measure shall be abbreviated in tables.3.7.2.7 Vacant Cells.An em dash (—) shall be used to indi-cate a vacant cell.3.7.2.8 Numerical Columns.3.7.2.8.1Tabular material shall be centered in each columnfor columns with inclusive numbers and entries in mixed
word/number columns.3.7.2.8.2All numbers shall be aligned on the decimal point,and zeroes shall be placed before the decimal point in num-
bers less than one.3.7.2.8.3Decimal indications shall be used in tabular workunless fractions are commonly used in the field.3.7.2.9 Reading Columns.3.7.2.9.1Reading columns (i.e., columns in which only wordsappear) shall be aligned on the left.3.7.2.9.2Runover lines shall be indented under the line towhich they apply.3.7.2.9.3All entries of a reading column shall be grammati-cally parallel.3.7.2.9.4A concluding period shall not be used unless theentry is one or more complete sentences.3.7.2.10 Breaking.3.7.2.10.1Tables shall fit vertically on a page.3.7.2.10.2*When a table carries over for more than one page,the heading shall read “Continued” on successive pages.3.7.2.11 General Table Notes and Table Footnotes.3.7.2.11.1Notes shall only be permitted as table notes.3.7.2.11.2All table notes shall appear directly beneath the

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