22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Appendix EAnnex APageCareer Education and Work Academic Standards
(#006-296) 1Academic Standards for Career Education and Work Pennsylvania Department of Education 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Appendix EAnnex APageCareer Education and Work Academic Standards
(#006-296) 2Academic Standards for Career Education and WorkXXXVII. TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction.....................................................XXXVIII. THE ACADEMIC STANDARDS
Career Awareness and Preparation .......................13.1. A. Abilities and AptitudesB. Personal Interests
C. Nontraditional Workplace RolesD. Local Career Preparation OpportunitiesE. Career Selection InfluencesF. Preparation for CareersG. Career Plan ComponentsH. Relationship Between Education and Career
Career Acquisition (Getting a Job) ........................13.2. A. Interviewing SkillsB. ResourcesC. Career Acquisition DocumentsD. Career Planning PortfoliosE. Career Acquisition Process

Career Retention and Advancement......................13.3. A. Work HabitsB. Cooperation and TeamworkC. Group InteractionD. BudgetingE. Time ManagementF. Workplace ChangesG. Lifelong Learning
Entrepreneurship.....................................................13.4. A. Risks and RewardsB. Character TraitsC. Business Plan
Glossary ....................................................................XXXIX. 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 3Academic Standards for Career Education and WorkXXXVIII. INTRODUCTION
The Academic Standards for Career Education and Work reflect the increasing complexity and sophistication that students experience
as they progress through school. Career Education and Work Standards describe what students should know and be able to do at four
grade levels (3, 5, 8 and 11) in four areas:♦13.1 Career Awareness and Preparation♦13.2 Career Acquisition (Getting a Job)♦13.3 Career Retention and Advancement♦ 13.4Entrepreneurship
Pennsylvania’s economic future depends on having a well-educated and skilled workforce. No student should leave secondary
education without a solid foundation in Career Education and Work. It is the rapidly changing workplace and the demand for
continuous learning and innovation on the part of the workers that drive the need to establish academic standards in Career Education
and Work.
Through a comprehensive approach, Career Education and Work Standards complement all disciplines and other academic standards.
If Pennsylvania’s students are to succeed in the workplace, there are certain skills that they need to obtain prior to graduation from
high school. These skills have been identified in the Career Education and Work Standards, but it is up to individual school districts
to decide how they are to be taught. Districts can implement integration strategies within existing disciplines or can implement stand-
alone courses to specifically address these standards.
A glossary is included to assist the reader in understanding terminology contained in the standards. 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 413.1. Career Awareness and Preparation 13.1.3. GRADE 3 13.1.5.GRADE 5 13.1.8.GRADE 8 13.1.11.GRADE 11Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge
and skills needed to:
A. Recognize that individualshave unique interests.
B. Identify current personalinterests.
C. Recognize that the roles ofindividuals at home, in the
workplace and in the
community are constantly
changing.
D. Identify the range of jobsavailable in the community.
E. Describe the work done byschool personnel and other
individuals in the community.
A. Describe the impact of individualinterests and abilities on career
choices.
B. Describe the impact of personalinterest and abilities on career choices.
C. Relate the impact of change to bothtraditional and nontraditional careers.
D. Describe the range of career trainingprograms in the community such as,
but not limited to:• Two-and-four year colleges• Career and technical educationprograms at centers (formerly
AVTS) and high schools • CareerLinks• Community/recreation centers• Faith-based organizations• Local industry training centers• Military• Registered apprenticeship• Vocational rehabilitation centers• Web-based training
E. Describe the factors that influencecareer choices, such as, but not limited
to:
A. Relate careers to individualinterests, abilities, and aptitudes.
B. Relate careers to personalinterests, abilities and aptitudes.
C. Explain how both traditional andnontraditional careers offer or
hinder career opportunities.
D. Explain the relationship of careertraining programs to employment
opportunities.
E. Analyze the economic factors thatimpact employment opportunities,
such as, but not limited to:
A. Relate careers to individualinterests, abilities, and aptitudes.
B. Analyze career options based onpersonal interests, abilities,
aptitudes, achievements and goals.
C. Analyze how the changing rolesof individuals in the workplace
relate to new opportunities within
career choices.
D. Evaluate school-basedopportunities for career
awareness/preparation, such as,
but not limited to:• Career days• Career portfolio• Community service• Cooperative education• Graduation/senior project• Internship• Job shadowing• Part-time employment• Registered apprenticeship• School-based enterprise
E. Justify the selection of a career.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 5
F. Explore how people preparefor careers.
G. Explain why education andtraining plans are important to
careers.• Geographic location• Job description• Salaries/benefits• Work schedule• Working conditions
F. Investigate people’s rationale formaking career choices.
G. Identify the components of a careerplan, such as, but not limited to:• Beginnings of career portfolio• Career goals• Individual interests and abilities• Training/education requirementsand costs• Competition• Geographic location• Global influences• Job growth• Job openings• Labor supply• Potential advancement• Potential earnings• Salaries/benefits• UnemploymentF. Analyze the relationship of schoolsubjects, extracurricular activities,
and community experiences to
career preparation.
G. Create an individualized careerplan including, such as, but not
limited to:• Assessment and continueddevelopment of career
portfolio• Career goals• Cluster/pathwayopportunities

F. Analyze the relationship betweencareer choices and career
preparation opportunities, such as,
but not limited to:• Associate degree• Baccalaureate degree• Certificate/licensure• Entrepreneurship• Immediate part/full timeemployment• Industry training• Military training• Professional degree• Registered apprenticeship• Tech Prep• Vocational rehabilitationcenters
G. Assess the implementation of theindividualized career plan through
the ongoing development of the
career portfolio.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 6
H. Explain how workers in theircareers use what is learned in
the classroom.H. Connect personal interests and abilitiesand academic strengths to personal
career options.• Individual interests andabilities• Training/educationrequirements and financing
H. Choose personal electives andextra curricular activities based
upon personal career interests,
abilities and academic strengths.
H. Review personal high school planagainst current personal career
goals and select postsecondary
opportunities based upon personal
career interests.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 713.2. Career Acquisition (Getting a Job)
13.2.3. GRADE 3 13.2.5.GRADE 5 13.2.8.GRADE 8 13.2.11.GRADE 11Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge
and skills needed to:
A. Identify appropriate speakingand listening techniques used in
conversation.
B. Discuss resources available inresearching job opportunities,
such as, but not limited to:• Internet• Magazines• Newspapers
C. Compose a personal letter.
A. Apply appropriate speaking andlistening techniques used in
conversation.
B. Identify and review resourcesavailable in researching job
opportunities, such as, but not limited
to:• Internet• Magazines• Newspapers
C. Compose and compare a business anda personal letter.
A. Identify effective speaking andlistening skills used in a job
interview.
B. Evaluate resources available inresearching job opportunities, such
as, but not limited to:• CareerLinks• Internet (i.e. O*NET)• Networking• Newspapers• Professional associations• Resource books (that isOccupational Outlook
Handbook, PA Career
Guide)
C. Prepare a draft of careeracquisition documents, such as,
but not limited to:• Job application• Letter of appreciationfollowing an interview• Letter of introduction• Request for letter ofrecommendation• Resume
A. Apply effective speaking andlistening skills used in a job
interview.
B. Apply research skills insearching for a job.• CareerLinks• Internet (i.e. O*NET)• Networking• Newspapers• Professional associations• Resource books (that isOccupational Outlook
Handbook, PA Career
Guide)
C. Develop and assemble, for careerportfolio placement, career
acquisition documents, such as,
but not limited to:• Job application• Letter of appreciationfollowing an interview• Letter of introduction• Postsecondaryeducation/training
applications• Request for letter ofrecommendation• Resume22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 8D. Identify the importance ofdeveloping a plan for the future.
E. Discuss the importance of theessential workplace skills, such
as, but not limited to:• Dependability• Health/safety• Team building• TechnologyD. Identify individualized careerportfolio components, such as, but not
limited to:• Achievements• Awards/recognitions• Career exploration results• Career plans• Community serviceinvolvement/projects• Interests/hobbies• Personal career goals• Selected school work• Self inventories
E. Apply to daily activities, the essentialworkplace skills, such as, but not
limited to:• Commitment• Communication• Dependability• Health/safety• Personal initiative• Scheduling/time management• Team building• Technical literacy• TechnologyD. Develop an individualized careerportfolio includingcomponents, such as, but not
limited to:• Achievements• Awards/recognitions• Career exploration results• Career plans• Community serviceinvolvement/projects• Interests/hobbies• Personal career goals• Selected school work• Self inventories
E. Explain, in the career acquisitionprocess, the importance of the
essential workplace
skills/knowledge, such as, but not
limited to:• Commitment• Communication• Dependability• Health/safety• Laws and regulations (that isAmericans With Disabilities
Act, child labor laws, Fair
Labor Standards Act, OSHA,
Material Safety Data Sheets)• Personal initiative• Self-advocacy• Scheduling/timemanagement• Team building• Technical literacy• Technology D. Analyze, revise, and apply anindividualized career portfolio to
chosen career path.
E. Demonstrate, in the careeracquisition process, the
application of essential
workplace skills/knowledge,
such as, but not limited to:• Commitment• Communication• Dependability• Health/safety• Laws and regulations (thatis Americans With
Disabilities Act, child labor
laws, Fair Labor Standards
Act, OSHA, Material
Safety Data Sheets)• Personal initiative• Self-advocacy• Scheduling/timemanagement• Team building• Technical literacy• Technology22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 913.3. Career Retention and Advancement
13.3.3. GRADE 3 13.3.5.GRADE 5 13.3.8.GRADE 8 13.3.11.GRADE 11Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge
and skills needed to:
A. Identify attitudes and workhabits that contribute to success
at home and school.
B. Identify how to cooperate atboth home and school.
C. Explain effective groupinteraction terms, such as, but
not limited to:• Compliment• Cooperate• Encourage• Participate
D. Explain how money is used.
A. Explain how student attitudes andwork habits transfer from the home
and school to the workplace.
B. Explain the importance of workingcooperatively with others at both
home and school to complete a task.
C. Identify effective group interactionstrategies, such as, but not limited to:• Building consensus• Communicating effectively• Establishing ground rules• Listening to others
D. Explain budgeting.
A. Determine attitudes and workhabits that support career retention
and advancement.
B. Analyze the role of eachparticipant’s contribution in a team
setting.
C. Explain and demonstrate conflictresolution skills:• Constructive criticism• Group dynamics• Managing/leadership• Mediation• Negotiation• Problem solving
D. Analyze budgets and paystatements, such as, but not limited
to:• Charitable contributions• Expenses• Gross pay• Net pay• Other income• Savings• Taxes
A. Evaluate personal attitudes andwork habits that support career
retention and advancement.
B. Evaluate team member roles todescribe and illustrate active
listening techniques:• Clarifying• Encouraging• Reflecting• Restating• Summarizing
C. Evaluate conflict resolution skillsas they relate to the workplace:• Constructive criticism• Group dynamics• Managing/leadership• Mediation• Negotiation• Problem solving
D. Develop a personal budget basedon career choice, such as, but not
limited to:• Charitable contributions• Fixed/variable expenses• Gross pay• Net pay• Other income• Savings• Taxes22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 10
E. Discuss how time is used atboth home and school.
F. Identify the changes in familyand friend's roles at home, at
school and in the community.
G. Define and describe theimportance of lifelong learning.
E. Develop a personal schedule basedon activities and responsibilities at
both home and school.
F. Describe the impact of role changesat home, school, and at work, and
how the role changes impact career
advancement and retention.
G. Describe how personal interests andabilities impact lifelong learning.
E. Identify and apply timemanagement strategies as they
relate to both personal and work
situations.
F. Identify characteristics of thechanging workplace including
Americans With Disabilities Act
accommodations, and explain their
impact on jobs and employment.
G. Identify formal and informallifelong learning opportunities that
support career retention and
advancement.
E. Evaluate time managementstrategies and their application to
both personal and work situations.
F. Evaluate strategies for careerretention and advancement in
response to the changing global
workplace.
G. Evaluate the impact of lifelonglearning on career retention and
advancement.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 1113.4. Entrepreneurship
13.4.3. GRADE 3 13.4.5.GRADE 5 13.4.8.GRADE 8 13.4.11.GRADE 11Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge
and skills needed to:
A. Define entrepreneurship.
B. Describe the character traits ofsuccessful entrepreneurs, such
as, but not limited to:• Adaptability• Creative thinking• Ethical behavior• Leadership• Positive attitude• Risk-taking
C. Describe age-appropriateentrepreneurial opportunities,
such as, but not limited to:• Bake sale• Crafts• Lemonade stand• Pet care
A. Identify the risks and rewards ofentrepreneurship.
B. Discuss the entrepreneurial charactertraits of historical or contemporary
entrepreneurs.
C. Discuss the steps entrepreneurs taketo bring their goods or services to
market, such as, but not limited to:• Marketing• Production• Research and development• Selection of goods and services
A. Compare and contrastentrepreneurship to traditional
employment, such as, but not
limited to:• Benefits• Job security• Operating costs• Wages
B. Evaluate how entrepreneurialcharacter traits influence career
opportunities.
C. Identify and describe the basiccomponents of a business plan,
such as, but not limited to:• Business idea• Competitive analysis• Daily operations• Finances/budget• Marketing• Productive resources(human, capital, natural)• Sales forecasting
A. Analyze entrepreneurship as itrelates to personal career goals
and corporate opportunities.
B. Analyze entrepreneurship as itrelates to personal character
traits.
C. Develop a business plan for anentrepreneurial concept of
personal interest and identify
available resources, such as, but
not limited to:• Community basedorganizations (that is
chambers of commerce,
trade/technical
associations, Industrial
Resource Centers)• Financial institutions• School-based career centers22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 12• Small BusinessAdministration services
(that is SCORE, Small
Business Development
Centers, Entrepreneurial
Development Centers)• Venture capital22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 13Academic Standards for Career Education and WorkXXXIX. GLOSSARY
Americans With The Americans With Disabilities Act is a Federal civil rights law that prohibitsDisabilities Act discrimination and for ensuring equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment,(Pub. L. No. 101-336): state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities,
transportation, and requiring the establishment of TDD/telephone relay services.
Aptitudes: Capacity to learn and understand.
Associate degree: A postsecondary degree typically earned within a two-year time frame.
Baccalaureate degree: A postsecondary degree, also known as a bachelor’s degree, typically earned within a 4-year
time frame from a college or university.
Benefits: Something of value that an employee receives in addition to a wage or salary. Examples include
health and life insurance, vacation leave, retirement plans, and the like.
Budget: A financial plan that summarizes anticipated income and expenditures over a period of time.
Business plan: A prepared document detailing the past, present, and future of an organization.
Career and technical centers: Schools that educate secondary students and adults through academic instruction, job preparation
and acquisition of occupational skills leading to credentials or employment, or both, in specific
industries. The centers also provide opportunities for transition to postsecondary education and
continuing education.
Career cluster: A grouping of related occupations, which share similar skill sets. 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 14Career days: Special events that allow students to meet with employers, career development specialists,
community-based organization representatives, and postsecondary educators. Events are
designed to encourage students to gain information about careers and job opportunities.
Career plan: A document developed by the student that identifies a series of educational studies and
experiences to prepare them for postsecondary education or work, or both, in a selected career
cluster or area.
Career portfolio: An ongoing, individualized collection of materials (electronic or hard copy) that documents a
student’s educational performance, career exploration and employment experiences over time.
While there is no standard format that a career portfolio must take, it typically includes a range
of work, containing assignments by the teacher/counselor and selections by the student. It serves
as a guide for the student to transition to postsecondary education or the workplace, or both.
Career retention and Career retention is the process of keeping a job. Career advancement is the process ofadvancement: performing the necessary requirements to progress in a career.
CareerLinks:A cooperative system that provides one-stop delivery of career services to job seekers, employers
and other interested individuals.
Certificate/licensure: A document, issued by associations, employers, educational institutions, government, and the
like, confirming that one has fulfilled the requirements and is able to perform to a specified level
of proficiency within a career field.
Child labor laws: Legislation governing the employment of children under the age of 18.
Competitive analysis: A tool that allows a business to identify its competitors and evaluate their respective strengths
and weaknesses.
Cooperative education: A structured method of instruction whereby students alternate or coordinate their high school
studies with a job in a field related to their academic or career objectives.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 15Entrepreneurs: Individuals who engage in the process of organizing, managing, and assuming the risk of a
business or enterprise.
Entrepreneurship: The process of organizing, managing, and assuming the risks of a business or enterprise.
Fair Labor Standards Act: A Federal law that defines overtime and wage requirements (26 U.S.C.A. §§ 201—219).
Fixed/variable expenses: Fixed expenses are regular in their timing and amount, and include such things as rent, mortgage,
car payment, and insurance. Variable expenses are irregular in their timing and amount, and
include such things as food, clothing, home and car maintenance, entertainment, and gifts.
Global influences: Political and cultural changes, which impact the world and its economy.
Gross pay: The amount earned before deductions, such as taxes, insurance, and retirement/pension plan.
Industrial Resource Centers: Non-profit corporations, which provide assistance to improve the competitive position of small-
to-medium sized manufacturers.
Internship: A work experience with an employer for a specified period of time to learn about a particular
industry or occupation, which may or may not include financial compensation. The workplace
activities may include special projects, a sample of tasks from different jobs, or tasks from a
single occupation.
Job shadowing:Typically as part of career exploration activities in late middle and early high school, a student
follows an employee for 1 or more days to learn about a particular occupation or industry. Job
shadowing is intended to help students explore a range of career objectives and to possibly select
a career pathway.
Labor supply: The number of persons either working or unemployed and actively seeking work.
Marketing: The process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service. 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 16Material Safety Data Sheets: Federally mandated listings of all hazardous materials that will impact the health and safety of
the workers and that are required to be posted in the workplace.
Mediation: Third-party intervention between conflicting parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or
compromise.
Net pay: The amount remaining after deductions, such as taxes, insurance, and retirement/pension plan.
Networking: The act of exchanging information, contacts, and services.
Nontraditional careers: Fields of work for which individuals from one gender comprise less than 25% of the individuals
employed in each such occupation or field of work.
O*NET: Occupational Information Network-- is a free public access online web-based system provided
by the United States Department of Labor, which includes comprehensive up-to-date
occupational information including skills, knowledge, abilities and tasks for more than 950
occupations.
Operating costs: The funds necessary to operate a business, not including the cost of goods sold. This is also
referred to as overhead.
OSHA: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration--A National agency with representatives in
each state who monitor health and safety issues in the workplace.
Professional associations: Organizations of people having common interests.
Professional degree: A title conferred on students by a college, university or professional school upon completion of a
program of study.
Registered apprenticeship: A formal program registered with the United States Department of Labor’s Bureau of
Apprenticeship and Training and with the Pennsylvania Apprenticeship Council. This program
must follow strict guidelines as to the types of training and amount of training time an apprentice
receives and leads directly into occupations requiring such training for entry.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 17
Resume: A summary of one’s personal qualifications, education/training and employment experience.
Salaries/benefits: Financial compensation paid regularly for services (See "benefits" for definition).
Sales forecasting: Predicting the number of services or units likely to be sold over a specified period of time.
School-based career centers: Specialized areas in schools equipped with resources and materials used to research
postsecondary and occupational opportunities.
School-based enterprise: The production of goods or services as part of a school program.
SCORE: Service Corps of Retired Executives--A Small Business Administration Federally-sponsored
program to assist small-to-medium sized companies.
Self inventories: Evaluations of an individual’s strengths, weaknesses, and interests, as it relates to career
planning.
Tech Prep: The name given to programs that offer at least 4 years of sequential course work at the secondary
and postsecondary levels to prepare students for technical careers. The curricula are designed to
build student competency in academic subjects, as well as to provide broad technical preparation
in a career area.
Technical literacy: The ability of individuals to use existing and emerging technologies, equipment, language,
materials, and manuals to participate intelligently in performing tasks related to everyday life,
school or job.
Time management strategies: Scheduling techniques used to effectively and efficiently direct or control activities.
Traditional careers: Fields of work for which individuals from one gender comprise more than 25% of the
individuals employed in each such occupation or field of work.
Unemployment: Measurement of the number of people who are not working and who are actively seeking work.22 Pa. Code Chapter 4 - Career Education and WorkAcademicStandards AnnexA Page(#006-296) 18
Venture capital: Public or private funds invested in a potentially profitable business enterprise despite risk of loss.
Vocational rehabilitation centers: Educational facilities that provide life skills and occupational training services for individualswith special needs.
Wages: Payments of money for labor or services according to contract and on an hourly, daily, or
piecework basis.
Web-based training: Instruction that is available online.
Work habits: Acquired behaviors that individuals regularly perform in completing tasks related to chores,
school or job.Working conditions: The environment in which an individual is employed.

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