Tools for Making Decisions
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DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Tools for Making Decisions
Multivoting Reduces long lists of ideas Identifies important items Nominal Group Technique Generates ideas Prioritizes itemsDECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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What Is Multivoting?
A group decision-making technique used to reduce a long list of items to a manageable number by means of a structured series of votes.
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Benefits of Multivoting
Reduces a list Prioritizes a list Identifies important itemsDECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Procedures
Step 1 - Work from a large list
Step 2 - Assign letter to each item
Step 3 - Vote
Step 4 - Tally the votes
Step 5 - Repeat
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Rule of Thumb
Number on Team Eliminate items with
5 or fewer 0, 1, or 2 votes
6 to 15 3 or fewer votes
more than 15 4 or fewer votes
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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| A. No agenda | I. Problems not mentioned
|||| B. No clear objectives |||| J. Interrupted by phone calls
|| C. Going off on tangents || K. Few meaningful metrics
| D. Extraneous topics |||| L. Interrupted by visitors
|| E. Too many "sea stories" ||| M. No administrative support
|||| | F. Vital members missing |||| N. Meetings extended
from meeting beyond allotted time
|||| G. Not enough preparation |||| O. Members distracted by
for meetings pressing operations
|||| H. Too much "dog and pony" P. Unclear charts
Multivoting Example First Vote Tally
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Example Second Vote Tally
B. No clear objectives
F. Vital members missing from meeting
G. Not enough preparation for meetings
H. Too much "dog and pony"
J. Interrupted by phone calls
L. Interrupted by visitors
N. Meetings extended beyond allotted time
O. Members distracted by pressing operations
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Exercise 1 SIGNS OF FEAR IN THE WORKPLACE
a. Flooded with detail
b. "Don't rock the boat"
c. Mixed messages
d. Attacks/defensiveness
e. People afraid to say "I don't know"
f. Chronic indecision
g. "This too shall pass"
h. News always good
i. Withholding information
j. Changing subject
k. Self-protective behaviors
l. Hidden agenda syndrome
m. Turf battles
n. Not willing to accept responsibility
o. We vs. they
p. Resisting requests
q. Tampering
r. Staffing redundancies
s. Constantly changing policies
t. Myopic vision
u. Isolation
v. Micromanaging
w. Goals without a plan for achieving them
x. Blame others
y. Denial
z. Resistance to new knowledge
aa. People afraid to ask questions
ab. "This is good for my people, not for me"
ac. Concern with return on investment
ad. Focus on grades, instead of learning
ae. Lack of new ideas
af. Fear that some work can be done by fewer people
ag. Resistance to change
ah. Avoidance of risk-taking
ai. "Just doing my job"
aj. Stress
ak. Recurrent absenteeism
al. Widespread dissatisfaction
am. Deadline anxiety
an. Enforcement approach to rules
ao. Turnover of creative thinkers
Source: Managing Fear in the Workplace, TQLO Publication No. 93-01
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Exercise Tally Sheet
A __________ M __________ Y __________ AK _________
B __________ N __________ Z __________ AL _________
C __________ O __________ AA _________ AM _________
D __________ P __________ AB _________ AN _________
E __________ Q __________ AC _________ AO _________
F __________ R __________ AD _________ AP _________
G __________ S __________ AE _________ AQ _________
H __________ T __________ AF _________ AR _________
I __________ U __________ AG _________ AS _________
J __________ V __________ AH _________ AT _________
K __________ W __________ AI _________ AU _________
L __________ X __________ AJ _________ AV _________
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Exercise 2 Voting Information
Petty Officer Smith A, B, D, I, N, R
Mr. Avery C, D, I, N, Q, R
Lt. Tam B, J, L, N, R, Q
Ms. Matsumoto A, C, D, I, N, R
Sgt. Bedsole E, G, L, N, P, Q
Petty Officer Browne C, E, H, K, M, O
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Multivoting Exercise 2 Tally Sheet
A =
B =
C =
D =
E =
F =
G =
H =
I =
J =
K =
L =
M =
N =
O =
P =
Q =
R =
0
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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What Is Nominal Group Technique?
A weighted ranking method that allows a group to generate and prioritize a large number of issues within a structure that gives everyone an equal voice.
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Benefits of Using NGT
Reduces the number of issues All team members participate Rank orders itemsDECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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NGT Part I - Define the Issue and Generate Ideas
Define the issue Generate ideas Collect ideas Clarify ideas Combine ideasDECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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NGT Part II - Make the Selection
Assign letters to ideas Rank ideas independently Collate the rankings Add the rankings Rewrite the list in priority order Perform a sanity checkDECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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Issue PO1 MAJ SGT MR ENS Total Priority
JONES SMITH ABLE GOOD FELLER
A 7 5 1 6 5 24 2
B 2 1 6 3 2 14 6
C 6 4 5 4 4 23 3
D 1 2 3 2 3 11 7
E 5 6 4 5 6 26 1
F 3 3 2 7 7 22 4
G 4 7 7 1 1 20 5
NGT Example 1
Results
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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NGT Example 1 Prioritization
E. Unclear mission and objectives
A. Ineffective organizational structure
C. Lack of training
F. Poor distribution of office mail
G. Lack of feedback on reports to management
B. Poor communications outside the office
D. Poor communications within the office
DECISION-MAKING TOOLS
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RANKING:
A. Haven't set the anchor properly 6, 7, 6, 4, 4, 7, 4 =
B. Not enough chain out 5, 5, 7, 5, 5, 6, 7 =
C. Bottom not assessed properly 7, 6, 5, 6, 7, 5, 6 =
D. Ship isn't steaming at anchor properly 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1 =
E. Piling too much anchor chain on the flukes 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3 =
F. Inadequate navigational fixes 3, 4, 3, 7, 6, 4, 2 =
G. QMs not notifying CDO of weather changes 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5 =
PRIORITIZATION: C, B, A, F, E, G, D
NGT Example 2
Ranking and Prioritization
38
40
42
9
20
29
18
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