“Ensuring the sustainability of our nation’s water and
wastewater infrastructure is not just an EPA challenge— it is everyone’s challenge. By supporting collaborations over
conflicts and results over methods, we are working with our
utility and private sector partners to develop the solutions for
managing and sustaining our shared infrastructure assets.” Stephen L. Johnson Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Never Take It For GrantedEvery day we benefit from the environmental, public
health, social, and economic benefits that clean
and safe water provide. One of the most criticalchallenges facing the nation is how to sustain our water
and wastewater infrastructure to ensure that the public
can continue to enjoy these benefits in the future.Our wastewater and drinking water systems are aging,
with some system components older than 100 years.
Our growing and shifting population requires investment
for new infrastructure and maintenance of existing infra­
structure. Current treatment strategies, technologies,
and management approaches may not be adequate to
address emerging issues; investment in research and
development has declined; and the prospects for contin­
ued large federal investment are limited.In the last 20 years, communities across the country
spent approximately $1 trillion on drinking water treat­
ment and supply and wastewater treatment and disposal.
While this spending is significant, it may not be sufficient
to ensure the delivery of sustainable drinking water and
wastewater services in the decades ahead.Never Take It For Granted 1 Never Take It For Granted2 EPA’s Clean Water and Drinking
Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis
(2002) estimated that if capital
investment and operations and
maintenance remained at current
levels, the potential funding short­
fall for drinking water and waste­
water infrastructure could exceed
$500 billion by 2020. This report also pointed out that
drinking water and wastewater systems will need to use
a combination of increased investment and innovative
management practices and technologies to close this
gap. Finally, the study noted that the funding gap would
shrink dramatically if investment by utilities were to
increase at a real growth rate of three percent per year.Facing the ChallengeThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), led by the
Office of Water, has launched the Sustainable Water
Infrastructure (SI) initiative. EPA is collaborating withdrinking water and wastewater utility managers, trade associa­
tions, local watershed protection organizations, and state and
local officials to help ensure that our nation’s precious water
infrastructure is sustainable in the future. Working as an advo­
cate and sharing information on best practices, tools, innovative
technologies, and research and development break-throughs,
EPA is working with many partners to fundamentally change the
way the nation views and manages its water infrastructure. To
learn about the most recent developments, visit
<www.epa.gov/water/infrastructure>.In addition to supporting adoption of state-of-the-art manage­
ment approaches by utilities, including management of decen­
tralized facilities, we are promoting research and development
for promising new technologies and techniques to increase
effectiveness and reduce drinking water distribution and waste­
water conveyance system costs. We also will explore new design
concepts for future systems.EPA is only one partner in this effort. Throughout this initiative,
we will continue to focus heavily on providing information andFacing the Challenge3 Facing the Challengetools to our state partners, third party
assistance providers, and associations
who serve as the primary deliverers of
assistance to local utility managers.Our SI activities are organized around the
following four priority areas, or pillars.1. Better Management—to shift the utility management modelbeyond compliance to sustainability and improved performance
by focusing on utility management systems, such as environ­
mental management systems (EMS) and asset management,
capacity development for smaller utilities, and selection of inno­
vative, cost-effective technologies.2. Full Cost Pricing—to help utilities recognize their full costsfor providing service over the long-term and to implement pric­
ing structures that effectively recover costs and promote envi­
ronmentally sound decisions by customers.3. Water Efficiency—to promote water efficiency in the residen­tial and commercial sector through WaterSenseSM, a new marketenhancement program for water efficient products and services.
Under this pillar, EPA also is facilitating the establishment of an
independent, national collaborative organization committed to
improving water efficiency, promoting improved building and
landscaping practices, and recognizing leadership in water effi­
ciency.4. The Watershed Approach—to encourage the adoption of water­shed management principles and tools into utility planning and
management practices, so that key decision makers consider
watershed-based, cost effective alternatives along with tradition­
al treatment technology investment choices. Watershed man­
agement approaches include, but are not limited to, source
water protection, water quality trading, centralized management
of decentralized systems, and smart growth approaches to
stormwater and wastewater management.4 Overview of the Four Pillars Better ManagementEffective utility management is key to achieving sustainable water
infrastructure. Effective management can help utilities enhance the
stewardship of their infrastructure, improve performance in manycritical areas, better control costs, and respond to other challenges.
EPA’s goal is that, by 2020, utilities will have adopted, or be in the
process of adopting, sustainable management systems and practices and
cost-effective technologies. EPA is focusing on the following areas:Utility Management Systems—We have signed a major agreement withsix national water and wastewater associations to promote more effective
utility management practices through the use of environmental manage­
ment systems and other innovative approaches like asset management.
In addition, we will continue to directly support training and information
sharing on proven management tools like EMS, asset management,
and others.Capacity Development and Assistance for Small Systems—Working closelywith states and other technical assistance providers, we are supporting
small and disadvantaged communities with technical, managerial, and
financial assistance to help improve their capacity to meet regulatory
requirements, enhance performance, and promote long-term sustainability.Cost-Effective Technology Selection—We are sharing technical informationto help utilities evaluate, select, and operate technologies for optimal
performance and minimal life-cycle costs.Overview of the Four Pillars5 Overview of the Four PillarsFull Cost PricingOn average, each person in the United States uses 100 gallons of
water a day and pays $1.30 per day for water and wastewater serv­
ices. The Full Cost Pricing pillar is helping utilities recognize thefull cost of providing efficient and environmentally sound service and to
implement a pricing structure designed to recover costs and promote
water efficiency. We are focusing on the following areas:Techniques for Recognizing and Implementing the Full Cost of Providing
Service—Full cost pricing is generally interpreted to mean factoring allcosts—past, present, and future operations, maintenance, and capital
costs—into prices and rate structures. We are initiating a campaign to
educate and assist utilities, government leaders, and the public on the
importance of full cost recognition. We have convened an expert work­
group to fully develop a conceptual model and have published case
studies and a guide on full cost pricing for small drinking water utilities.Options for Achieving Greater Cost
Efficiency—Some systems areconcerned about the willingness
of their customers to pay the
full cost of service. We will con­
tinue to work with these sys­
tems and state agencies to help
them engage their customers in
a dynamic discussion regarding
the level of service and perform­
ance customers expect and the
cost at which that level of serv­
ice can be delivered.6Water EfficiencyImproved water efficiency can reduce the strain on aging water and
wastewater utilities and can sometimes delay or even eliminate the
need for costly new construction to expand system capacity. We areworking to foster a national ethic of water efficiency, so that water is
valued as a limited resource that should be used wisely. To accomplish
this, we are focusing on the following areas:WaterSenseSM Market Enhancement Program— We have launched WaterSenseSM, an innovativepartnership program to promote water-efficient
products and services. The WaterSense label will
identify products that have undergone third-party
testing to ensure both their performance and water
efficiency. The program also includes a public outreach campaign.National Organization to Foster Water Efficiency—We are supporting theformation of the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE). This new national
organization will promote product improvements and support research
into new technologies for saving water.Water Efficiency Leaders—The Water Efficiency Leaders program recog­nizes organizations and individuals who are providing leadership and
innovation in the efficient use of water. Intended to inspire and moti­
vate others, this awards program will enable EPA to document best
practices, share information, and create a network of water efficiency
leaders.Water Efficiency in Buildings and Landscapes—We are working with stake­holders in the home building industry to establish guidelines for the con­
struction of water-efficient new homes. We are also working to incorpo­
rate water-efficiency elements into building rating systems, such as the
U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System®.Overview of the Four Pillars7 Overview of the Four PillarsWatershed ApproachUtilities and other decision makers need to evaluate a broad array
of traditional and other watershed-based tools as they make key
water infrastructure decisions. EPA is striving for a more integrat­ed approach to watershed planning that helps reduce future infrastruc­
ture costs or, in certain cases, provides alternatives to traditional infra­
structure approaches. Examples of our current focus areas include:Source Water Protection—Watershed approaches can reduce pollutantloadings and contamination of drinking water sources, thereby reducing
the need for expensive treatment systems. Watershed approaches can
also be used to ensure adequate water supplies.Water Quality Trading—We are working closely with states and offeringguidance on how to promote innovative trading approaches to maximize
the benefits of actions within a watershed where they realize the
highest gains.Decentralized Onsite Infrastructure Management—Decentralized onsiteapproaches can be used to cost-effectively manage wastewater and
stormwater systems. Many communities are successfully using manage­
ment strategies in combination with conventional infrastructure solutions.Watershed Approaches to NPDES Permitting—EPA is providing guidanceon how utilities can incorporate a watershed approach to NDPES per­
mits to maximize the benefits of a coordinated basin-wide approach.Sustainable Watershed Financing—The Office of Water is working closelywith EPA’s Environmental Finance Advisory Board and Environmental
Finance Centers to develop tools, case studies, and demonstration proj­
ects to implement innovative watershed-based financing strategies.Watershed Approaches to Restoring Impaired Waters—We are developingcase studies, models and other tools to help states and local govern­
ments restore impaired waters using the watershed approach. We have
published the Draft Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to
Restore and Protect Our Waters and will provide training and workshops
on watershed planning techniques and approaches.8 Sustainable Water Infrastructure ContactsSustainable Infrastructure Coordinator Andy CrosslandMunicipal Support DivisionU.S. EPA HeadquartersAriel Rios Building1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWMail Code: 4204MWashington, DC 20460Phone: 202-564-0574E-mail: crossland.andy@epa.govEPA Headquarters Pillar Coordinators Better ManagementWater EfficiencyJim HorneCynthia SimbaninOffice of Wastewater ManagementOffice of Wastewater ManagementU.S. EPA HeadquartersU.S. EPA HeadquartersAriel Rios BuildingAriel Rios Building1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWMail Code: 4204MMail Code: 4204MWashington, DC 20460Washington, DC 20460Phone: 202-564-0571Phone: 202-564-3837FAX: 202-501-2338E-mail: simbanin.cynthia@epa.govE-mail: horne.james@epa.govFull Cost PricingPeter E. ShanaghanOffice of Groundwater and Drinking WaterU.S. EPA HeadquartersAriel Rios Building1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWMail Code: 4606MWashington, DC 20460Phone: 202-564-3848E-mail: shanaghan.peter@epa.govWatershed ApproachRobert L GooOffice of Wetlands, Oceans andWatershedsU.S. EPA HeadquartersAriel Rios Building1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWMail Code: 4503TWashington, DC 20460Phone: 202-566-1201E-mail: goo.robert@epa.govCindy MackOffice of Groundwater and Drinking WaterU.S. EPA HeadquartersAriel Rios Building1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWMail Code: 4604MWashington, DC 20460Phone: 202-564-6280E-mail: mack.cindy-y@epa.govResearch and Development Dan MurrayU.S. EPA Facilities26 West Martin Luther King DriveMail Code: 689Cincinnati, OH 45268Phone: 513-569-7522E-mail: murray.dan@epa.govEPA Regional Liaisons Region 1Jackie LeClairU.S. EPA Region 11 Congress StreetSuite 1100 – CMUBoston, MA 02114-2023Phone: 617-918-1549FAX: 617-918-0549E-mail: leclair.jackie@epa.govRegion 2Stephen R. Vida, P.E.State Revolving Fund Team LeaderU.S. EPA, Region 2290 Broadway – 24th FloorNew York, NY 10007Phone: 212-637-3862Fax: 212-637-3891E-mail: vida.stephen@epa.gov2Region 3Don NiehusSRF Team LeaderWater Protection DivisionU.S. EPA Region 31650 Arch StreetMail Code: 3WP50Philadelphia, PA 19103Phone: 215-814-5705FAX: 215-814-2782E-mail: niehus.don@epa.govRegion 4Bob FreemanAFC 15thFloorU.S. EPA Region 461 Forsyth Street, SWAtlanta, GA 30303-8960Phone: 404-562-9244E-mail: freeman.bob@epa.govRegion 5Russ MartinU.S. EPA Region 577 West Jackson BoulevardMail Code: WN-16JChicago, IL 60604-3507Phone: 312-886-0268E-mail: martin.russell@epa.govRegion 6Maurice Rawls, ChiefSRF & Projects SectionU.S. EPA Region 61445 Ross AvenueSuite 1200Mail Code: 6WQ-APDallas, TX 75202-2733Phone: 214-665-8049E-mail: rawls.maurice@epa.govRegion 7Morris HolmesU.S. EPA Region 7901 North Fifth StreetMail Code: WWPDDRWMKansas City, KS 66101Phone: 913-551-9421FAX: 913-551-9421E-mail: holmes.morris@epa.govRegion 8Elaine LaiU.S. EPA Region 8 (8P-W-WW)999 18thStreet, Suite 300Denver, CO 80202Phone: 303-312-6263E-mail: lai.elaine@epa.gov3Region 9Region 10John OngDan SteinbornU.S. EPA Region 9Office of Water and Watersheds75 Hawthorne StreetU.S. EPA Region 10Mail Code: WTR-31200 Sixth AvenueSan Francisco, CA 94105Seattle, WA 98101Phone: 415-972-3403Phone: 206-553-2728FAX: 415-947-3537FAX: 206-553-0165E-mail: ong.john@epa.govE-mail: steinborn.daniel@epa.govRecycled/Recyclable—Printed with vegetable oil based inks on 100% (minimum 50% postconsumer) recycled paper.United States Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Water (4204M)August 2006www.epa.gov/water/infrastructureSustainable Water Infrastructure Tools & ResourcesThere are a many tools and other resources to help educate utilities, states,
and the public on various aspects of sustainable infrastructure. The list
below identifies some of the most important. To learn more about thisimportant topic we encourage you to obtain copies of these tools and to consult
EPA’s sustainable infrastructure Web site at <www.epa.gov/water/infrastructure>.Contents Better Management ..................................................................................2Full Cost Pricing.......................................................................................4Water Efficiency .......................................................................................5Watershed Approach .................................................................................6Additional Web Resources .........................................................................6United States Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Water (4204M)EPA-832-F-06-026August 2006www.epa.gov/water/infrastructureBetter Management “Attributes of Sustainably Managed Utilities” List and Utility ProfilesIn July 2005, EPA hosted a meeting with a number of leading utilities to dis­
cuss ways to encourage other utilities to adopt sustainable management
approaches. A major output of that meeting was a list of “Attributes of
Sustainably Managed Utilities” and a series of profiles of several leading utili­
ties. A summary of this meeting along with the Attributes and Utility Profiles is
available at <www.epa.gov/water/infrastructure>.An Environmental Management Systems Handbook
for Wastewater UtilitiesThe EMS Wastewater Handbook provides a step-by-step guide for wastewater
utilities to use when developing an environmental management system (EMS)
for their operations. The handbook provides case examples, data, sample docu­
mentation and other tips from several wastewater utilities that have successful­
ly implemented EMSs. Access the handbook at <www.epa.gov/ow/ems/>, the
Office of Water Resource Center at <www.epa.gov/OGWDW/resource/>, or the
Public Entity Environmental Management System Resource (PEER) Center at
<www.peercenter.net>.PEER EMS Local Resource CentersEleven PEER EMS Local Resource Centers are operating around the country
that can help water and wastewater utilities, as well as other local government
operations implement environmental management systems for their facilities.
These centers offer a range of training and other forms of technical assistance.
A full description of the PEER Resource Centers can be found at
<www.peercenter.net/whocanhelp/lrc.cfm>.Asset Management: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
(EPA 816-R-03-016, September 2003)EPA has developed a “Simple Tools for Effective Performance” (STEP) Guide
that emphasizes how effective asset management is a key element of small
system sustainability. Various sample worksheets are provided to help small
systems organize data and determine the best approach to maintenance and
replacement of major physical assets. An electronic copy of the document can
be found by at <www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_
asset_mgmnt.pdf>.Taking Stock of Your Water System: A Simple Asset Inventory Guide for
Very Small Drinking Water Systems (EPA 816-K-03-002, October 2004)EPA has developed a STEP Guide to assist very small systems in conducting a
simple inventory of infrastructure for capital planning purposes. This STEP2 Guide can help these types of water systems run properly and ensure that the
drinking water they produce is reliable, safe and affordable. An electronic copy
of the document can be found at <www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/pdfs/
final_asset_inventory_for_small_systems.pdf>.Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small Water Systems (EPA 816-R­
03-015, September 2003)EPA has developed a STEP Guide to assist small systems in strategic planning.
The guide provides worksheets and related tools to help systems organize data
and systematically assess their strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and oppor­
tunities. This guide is based on the strategic planning workshops held around
the country in 2000. An electronic copy of the document can be found at
<www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_stratplan.pdf>.Sources of Technical and Financial Assistance for Small Drinking
Water Systems (EPA 816-K-02-005, July 2002)EPA has developed a guide that identifies major sources of technical and
financial assistance specifically targeted at small drinking water systems. Each
listing describes the source’s mission and types of assistance that can be pro­
vided, and lists contact information. An electronic version of the document can
be found at <www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/pdfs/tfa_sdws.pdf>.TEAMS (Total Electronic Asset Management System) Asset Management
Software for Small UtilitiesDeveloped by the Maryland Center for Environmental Training (MCET), this
software is targeted for small wastewater utilities and is accompanied by a
training tool kit which includes training modules on a range of asset manage­
ment topics. The software can be obtained by visiting the MCET Web site and
submitting an e-mail request at <www.mcet.org/Technical/environment/
teamsAM.html>.U.S. EPA Advanced Asset Management Training WorkshopsThe Office of Water is collaborating with partner organizations, hosts, and co-spon­
sors to provide training on best practice in Advanced Asset Management. The work­
shops are primarily designed to meet the Advanced Asset Management training
needs of water and wastewater utility CEOs, and senior level personnel. For more
information and a list of upcoming sessions, go to <www.epa.gov/owm/
assetmanage/index.htm> and click on “Training Workshops.”WERF’s Sustainable Infrastructure Management Program Learning
Environment (SIMPLE)EPA has collaborated on the development of an intuitive and interactive Web-
based asset management strategy tool, SIMPLE, which has been developed3under the aegis of a Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) research
project (03-CTS-14). SIMPLE contains a set of user-friendly online processes
and practice guidelines, templates, and decision support tools that utilities and
wastewater industry professionals can apply to asset management. For more
information, visit <www.werf.us/> and click on “interactive tools.”NACWA’s Managing Public Infrastructure Assets to Minimize Cost and
Maximize PerformanceThis handbook, funded by EPA, establishes an understanding of asset manage­
ment principles and program benefits and assists public water and wastewater
utilities with the development of asset management programs. To obtain a
copy, visit <www.amsa-cleanwater.org/pubs/index.cfm>.IPWEA’s International Infrastructure Management Manual
(2006 Edition)Published by the Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, the 2006 edi­
tion of the International Infrastructure Management Manual is the premier
handbook on asset management practices and provides a detailed road map for
preparing an asset management plan. The manual contains extensive informa­
tion on benchmarking, condition grading, valuations, asset hierarchy structures,
and information systems. It presents simple economic evaluation tools and
other techniques for project decision-making and prioritization. To obtain a copy
of the manual, visit <www.ipwea.org.au/news/169.html>.Full Cost Pricing Setting Small Drinking Water System Rates for A Sustainable Future
(EPA 816-R-05-006, January 2006)This document helps water utilities consider whether their rate structures suffi­
ciently address the costs of ensuring safe and clean water. Written for owners
and operators of small community drinking water systems serving 3,300 or
fewer persons, this guide explains the full costs of providing a safe and ade­
quate supply of drinking water to customers, and how to set water rates that
will support these costs. Systems that will find this guide useful are small pub­
licly or privately owned entities whose primary business is providing drinking
water, as well as homeowner associations and manufactured housing commu­
nities. An electronic version of the document can be found at <www.epa.gov/
water/infrastructure/pdf/final_ratesetting_guide.pdf> and <www.epa.gov/safewa­
ter/smallsys/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_final_ratesetting_guide.pdf>.4Consolidated Water Rates: Issues and Practices in Single-Tariff Pricing
(EPA 1999)This report addresses the full cost pricing pillar by providing an overview and a
discussion of the complex trade-offs involved in implementing consolidated
ratemaking. Jointly published by EPA and the National Association of
Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC), this report can be accessed at
<www.epa.gov/safewater/utilities/stptitle.pdf>.Case Studies of Sustainable Water and Wastewater Pricing
(EPA 816-R-05-007, December 2005)Communities all across the country, both rural and urban, are making efforts
towards sustainable pricing for drinking water and wastewater systems. This
document provides real-world examples of how eight drinking water systems
made decisions on determining and establishing appropriate rates that will
help them to better recover the costs of running their systems. Access these
studies at <www.epa.gov/water/infrastructure/pdf/FullCost_Pricing_
casestudies_finalversion.pdf>.Water Efficiency American Water Works Association’s (AWWA) WaterWiser interactive
Web site<www.waterwiser.org>This water efficiency clearinghouse was developed and launched under a cooper­
ative agreement with EPA and provides information about water conservation,
efficiency, and demand management to utilities, water managers, and the public.California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) H2OUSE Water
Saver Home Web Site<www.h2ouse.org/>This Web site was developed under an EPA cooperative agreement for home­
owners and other consumers to learn about water saving opportunities.Guidelines for Water Reuse (EPA 625/R-04/108, September 2004)These guidelines present and summarize water reuse for utilities and regulatory
agencies. The guidelines cover water reclamation for non-potable urban, indus­
trial, and agricultural reuse, as well as augmentation of potable water supplies
through indirect reuse. Technical, regulatory, legal, funding, and public involve­
ment issues related to water reuse are discussed. These guidelines are available
at <www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/pubs/625r04108/625r04108.htm>.5Water Conservation Plan Guidelines (EPA-832-D-98-001, August 1998)These guidelines provide information to water systems planners to help them
develop local and statewide water conservation plans. These voluntary guide­
lines provide information on water conservation planning, criteria, guidelines
and measures, as well as how to incorporate water conservation into infrastruc­
ture planning. These guidelines are available at <www.epa.gov/OW-OWM.html/
water-efficiency/wecongid.htm>.Watershed Approach Watershed-based NPDES Permitting Implementation and Technical
Guidance (EPA 833-B-03-004, December 2003)This implementation guidance describes the concept of and the process for
watershed-based permitting under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. This document can be found at
<www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/watershedpermitting_finalguidance.pdf>.Implementing Water Quality Trading through NPDES PermittingThis document is currently in draft form and has not yet been published. It
will describe the concept of water quality trading and illustrate several options
for incorporating trading into NPDES permits. The guidance will show a step-
by-step process starting with the decision by stakeholders that a trade is feasi­
ble and a trading framework is in place, to the final permit. It will also include
an appendix of 16 actual trades that illustrate the options.Additional Web Resources Sustainable Water Infrastructure for the 21st Century<www.epa.gov/water/infrastructure/>This site explains EPA’s “Four Pillars of Sustainable Infrastructure” encom­
passing initiatives to promote sustainable water infrastructure. It also posts rel­
evant laws and regulations, funding and grant announcements, new initiatives,
research and development activities, success stories, new tools and resources,
and upcoming meetings and conferences.Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis<www.epa.gov/OW-OWM.html/gapreport.pdf>The Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis estimates the
funding gap from 2000 to 2019 for drinking water and wastewater systems.
The report considers both capital investment and maintenance and explains
how the projections are calculated. Approximately 54,000 community water
systems and 21,4100 noncommunity water systems are covered, as well as
16,000 publicly owned water treatment works.6New Development: Smart Growth<www.epa.gov/smartgrowth>The Smart Growth initiative addresses how and where new development should
be accommodated based on the economy, the environment, and the communi­
ty. Healthy communities, economic development, and jobs, strong neighbor­
hoods, and good transportation choices are priorities.Drinking Water Capacity Development Web Site<www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/capdev.htm>States and water systems work together through capacity development to
ensure that safe drinking water can be provided consistently, reliably, and cost-
effectively. The collaboration also works to achieve the health objectives of the
1996 Safe Drinking Water Act. Using capacity development, states can target
the technical, financial and managerial needs of the many small systems that
account for the majority of public water systems.EPA’s Water Efficiency Web Site<www.epa.gov/owm/water-efficiency/index.htm>This site provides information on the benefits of water efficiency and strategies
for the long-term conservation of water resources through the employment of
water saving technologies.Effective Water Sector Utility Management Statement<www.epa.gov/owm/assetmanage/pdfs/utility_management.pdf>EPA and several partners issued a statement to explain the efforts they will
make to promote effective utility management in order to sustain the Nation’s
water and wastewater infrastructure. The partners include both government
and industry representatives.Dawn of the Replacement Era: Reinvesting in Drinking Water
Infrastructure<www.win-water.org/win_reports/infrastructure.pdf>This report discusses the findings of a study conducted by the American
Waterworks Association on best practices for replacing and maintaining
the infrastructure.Recycled/Recyclable—Printed with vegetable oil based inks on 100% postconsumer, process chlorine free recycled paper.7United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water (4204M)
EPA-852-E-06-004
August 2006
www.epa.gov/water/infrastructureRecycled/Recyclable—Printed with vegetable oil based inks on 100% postconsumer,process chlorine free recycled paper.

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