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Problem solving
Moving from recognition of a
problem to its solution.
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Judgement research
Calculating the likelihood of various
possibilities.
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Decision making
Selecting one out of two or more
possibilities.
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Deductive reasoning
The conclusions necessarily
following assumptions.
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Theories of deductive
reasoning
Explanations of mental logic errors.
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Inductive reasoning
Decisions about truth.
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How flawed is human
thinking?
Everyday thinking vs. laboratory
situations.
Definition
Distinction between well- and
ill-defined problems
Thorndike's trial-and-error learning
Studies on insight and functional
fixedness
Information-processing theory
Newell & Simon's computational
approach
Bayes' theorem
Base-rate information
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Subjective probability
The value of heuristics
Prospect theory: objective and
subjective values
Loss aversion studies
Risk seeking and risk aversion;
framing effects
Tetlock's social functionalist approach
Omission bias
Rules of conditional reasoning: modus
ponens, modus tollens
Wason selection task
Social contract theory
Syllogistic reasoning: premises and
biases
Cross-cultural differences
Braine's abstract-rule theories
Johnson-Laird's mental model
approach
Wason's relational rule;
confirmation bias
Simulated research environment
studies
Analogical reasoning
Differences in rationality
Bounded rationality
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